An 8-year-old boy with sickle-cell anemia and a 5-hour history of priapism

A male newborn with a distended bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis, and respiratory insufficiency

A 12-year-old girl with microscopic hematuria during a routine examination

A 4-year-old boy with acute right scrotal pain

A newborn with hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney

Wound infection

Death

All of the above

Penile curvature

Meatal stenosis

relatively increased renal size.

limited chest wall protection.

limited visceral adipose tissue.

All of the above

increased mobility.

after puberty.

before 6 months of age.

all of the above.

none of the above.

between 1 year and 6 years.

Fibroepithelial polyp

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Hyperuricosuria

Hypercalciuria

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection

macroglossia.

all of the above.

hepatosplenomegaly.

only a and

nephromegaly.

Posterior urethral valve

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

All of the above

Primary obstructive megaureter

Nephrolithiasis

At the first well-baby visit

No testing is required

None of the above

Before discharge from the nursery

Both a and b

abdominal distention at birth or shortly afterward suggests either obstruction or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.

renal pathology is the source of up to two thirds of neonatal abdominal masses.

All of the above

the abdominal wall is normally strong, especially in infants with hydronephrosis.

a solid flank mass may be due to renal vein thrombosis.

(a) Forty percent of patients with atypical presacral dimples have associated occult spinal dysraphism.

(b) A combination of two or more congenital midline skin lesions is the strongest marker of occult spinal dysraphism.

All of the above are true.

(c) An “atypical” presacral dimple, as defined, may indicate spina bifida or cord tethering, if the dimple is in the midline, less than 2.5 cm from the anal verge at birth, or shallower than 0.5 cm.

Both a and b are true.

(a) Bruised vaginal mucosa in a prepubertal child

(c) A normal genital and perineal examination

a, b, and c

(b) Penile discharge

a and c

after urinary tract infection.

from undergarment irritation.

after healing of the inflamed, denuded glans after circumcision.

after a newborn physical examination.

as a result of birth trauma.

True hermaphroditism or mixed gonadal dysgenesis

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis or androgen insensitivity syndrome

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or true hermaphroditism

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or mixed gonadal dysgenesis

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or androgen insensitivity syndrome

urinary incontinence associated with a neurologic condition.

incontinence associated with urinary tract infection.

urinary incontinence associated with constipation.

diurnal and nocturnal enuresis.

urinary incontinence after a dry interval greater than 6 months.

it is changing in volume.

b and c

a, b, and c

it is large.

it accompanies a symptomatic hernia.