An 8-year-old boy with sickle-cell anemia and a 5-hour history of priapism

A male newborn with a distended bladder, bilateral hydronephrosis, and respiratory insufficiency

A newborn with hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney

A 12-year-old girl with microscopic hematuria during a routine examination

A 4-year-old boy with acute right scrotal pain

All of the above

Death

Wound infection

Penile curvature

Meatal stenosis

increased mobility.

All of the above

limited chest wall protection.

limited visceral adipose tissue.

relatively increased renal size.

before 6 months of age.

all of the above.

after puberty.

between 1 year and 6 years.

none of the above.

Uncomplicated urinary tract infection

Fibroepithelial polyp

Hyperuricosuria

Hypercalciuria

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

hepatosplenomegaly.

all of the above.

only a and

nephromegaly.

macroglossia.

Posterior urethral valve

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

All of the above

Primary obstructive megaureter

Nephrolithiasis

Before discharge from the nursery

None of the above

Both a and b

At the first well-baby visit

No testing is required

renal pathology is the source of up to two thirds of neonatal abdominal masses.

a solid flank mass may be due to renal vein thrombosis.

the abdominal wall is normally strong, especially in infants with hydronephrosis.

abdominal distention at birth or shortly afterward suggests either obstruction or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.

All of the above

All of the above are true.

(b) A combination of two or more congenital midline skin lesions is the strongest marker of occult spinal dysraphism.

(c) An “atypical” presacral dimple, as defined, may indicate spina bifida or cord tethering, if the dimple is in the midline, less than 2.5 cm from the anal verge at birth, or shallower than 0.5 cm.

(a) Forty percent of patients with atypical presacral dimples have associated occult spinal dysraphism.

Both a and b are true.

a, b, and c

(a) Bruised vaginal mucosa in a prepubertal child

(c) A normal genital and perineal examination

(b) Penile discharge

a and c

after urinary tract infection.

from undergarment irritation.

as a result of birth trauma.

after a newborn physical examination.

after healing of the inflamed, denuded glans after circumcision.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or androgen insensitivity syndrome

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or true hermaphroditism

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or mixed gonadal dysgenesis

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis or androgen insensitivity syndrome

True hermaphroditism or mixed gonadal dysgenesis

urinary incontinence associated with a neurologic condition.

urinary incontinence associated with constipation.

incontinence associated with urinary tract infection.

urinary incontinence after a dry interval greater than 6 months.

diurnal and nocturnal enuresis.

b and c

a, b, and c

it is large.

it is changing in volume.

it accompanies a symptomatic hernia.