The inferior vesical artery

The obturator artery

The pudendal artery

The external iliac artery

The superior vesical artery

Capsular arteries and veins

Accessory pudendal artery

Pudendal artery and vein

Santorini plexus

Hemorrhoidal artery and vein

The obturator artery

All of the above

The penile artery

The inferior vesical artery

The superior vesical artery

S1.

T11-L2.

T5-T8.

S2-S4.

L3-S1.

Between the layers of the prostatic fascia and the levator fascia

Inside Denonvilliers fascia

Inside the prostatic fascia

Outside the lateral pelvic fascia

Both inside and outside the prostatic fascia

It is easier to ligate the dorsal vein complex through the perineal approach than through the retropubic approach.

The arterial supply to the prostate is ligated early.

Because the perineum is elevated, there is lower venous pressure.

There is no need to divide the puboprostatic ligaments.

The dorsal vein complex is not divided because the dissection occurs beneath the lateral fascia and anterior pelvic fascia.

Bulbar urethra

Levator ani musculature

Preprostatic sphincter

Bladder neck

Striated urethral sphincter

The neurovascular bundle

The accessory pudendal nerve

The obturator nerve

The pudendal nerve

The sympathetic fibers from T11 to L2

The pelvic side wall musculature

The hypogastric vein

The sacral foramen

The obturator nerve

The obturator vessels

neurovascular bundle.

inferior vesical artery.

external iliac artery.

pudendal artery and veins.

obturator artery.

Extensively, down to the pelvic floor, including the pubourethral component

Widely enough to permit a right angle to be placed around the dorsal vein complex

Not at all; the puboprostatic ligaments do not need to be divided to perform a radical prostatectomy

Superficially, with just enough incised to expose the junction between the anterior apex of the prostate and the dorsal vein complex

Not at all; the puboprostatic ligaments should be left intact

Neurovascular bundle; impotence

Levator ani musculature; incontinence

Both a and b

Striated urethral sphincter; incontinence

Aberrant pudendal arteries; impotence

Apex; during division of the striated urethral sphincterdorsal vein complex

Bladder neck; during separation of the prostate from the bladder

Posterior; when the prostate is dissected from the rectum

Seminal vesicles

Posterolateral; during release of the neurovascular bundle

Oversewing the proximal dorsal vein complex is not required.

The edges should be pulled together in the midline to avoid bleeding.

Bunching sutures should be used to avoid excising too much striated sphincter.

The edges should be oversewn in the shape of a V to avoid advancing the neurovascular bundles too far anteriorly on the prostate.

They should be oversewn horizontally to avoid a positive surgical margin.

Rectourethralis

Denonvilliers fascia

Posterior portion of the striated sphincter complex

Neurovascular bundles

Rectal fascia