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block

After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.

选择正确的答案  

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CO2

ATP

acetyl CoA

FADH2

NADH

none

In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?

选择正确的答案  

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Pyruvate is reduced and decarboxylated, and the resulting electrons oxidize an NAD+ to an NADH

Pyruvate is ionized directly to acetyl-coA.

Pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the removed electrons are used to reduce an NAD+ to an NADH.

Pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the resulting electrons are donated to NADH to produce NAD+.

Pyruvate is reduced to acetyl-coA, which involves the reduction of pyruvate, the addition of a carbon dioxide from the environment, and its reduction by NADH.

none

Which of the following represents the major (but not the only) energy accomplishment of the citric acid cycle?

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completion of substrate-level phosphorylation

formation of CO2

utilization of O2

formation of ATP

formation of NADH and FADH2

none

The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used in which of the following processes? |

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the production of CO2

the oxidation of water

the production of NADH and FADH2

the breakdown of glucose

pumping H+ across a membrane

none

In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and after a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in _____.

选择正确的答案  

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water

ATP

oxygen gas

NADH

carbon dioxide

none

Which of the following accompanies the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA before the citric acid cycle?

选择正确的答案  

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regeneration of NAD+

formation of CO2 and synthesis of ATP

release of CO2 and release of coenzyme A

removal of coenzyme A

release of CO2 and synthesis of NADH

none

When a poison such as cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle also eventually stop working. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?

选择正确的答案  

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They run out of ADP.

The uptake of oxygen stops because electron transport was inhibited.

NAD+ and FAD are not available for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue.

Electrons are no longer available from the electron transport chain to power glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

A high level of NADH is present in the cell.

none

Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?

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B and C are correct.

A and B are correct.

A. reducing NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

B. producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria

C. driving substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis

none

Most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain comes from which of the following processes?

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anabolic pathways

the citric acid cycle

oxidative phosphorylation

substrate-level phosphorylation

glycolysis

none

In the citric acid cycle, for each pyruvate that enters the cycle, one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 are produced. For each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced in the citric acid cycle?

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two ATP, six NADH, two FADH2

one ATP, three NADH, one FADH2

three ATP, three NADH, one FADH2

about 38 ATP

four ATP, six NADH, two FADH2

none

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

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the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion

the cristae of the mitochondrion

across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

the cytosol

the matrix of the mitochondrion

none

How many molecules of ATP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation from the complete breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen?

选择正确的答案  

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about 16 ATP

two

three

four

about 32 ATP

none

Which part of the catabolism of glucose by cellular respiration requires molecular oxygen (O2) and produces CO2?

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the combination of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

the electron transport chain

the combination of the citric acid cycle and electron transport

the citric acid cycle

glycolysis

none

Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?

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The four-carbon acid that accepts the acetyl CoA in the first step of the cycle is regenerated by the last step of the cycle.

The acetyl CoA that enters the cycle is regenerated in the last step of the pathway.

NADH is cycled down the electron transport chain.

All of the carbon from glucose is cycled back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

NAD+ and FAD are recycled.

none

The ATP synthase in a human cell obtains energy for synthesizing ATP directly from which of the following processes?

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the movement of electrons through a series of carriers

the flow of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane through the ATP synthase enzyme

the reduction of oxygen

the oxidation of glucose

the oxidation of NADH and FADH2