Prompted voiding

Timed voiding

Bladder training

Habit training

(d) provide understanding of patient's voiding pattern.

(c) determine adherence to pelvic floor muscle training.

b and d

(a) determine functional bladder capacity.

(b) provide information about symptom improvement.

Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for stress or mixed incontinence, but not for urge incontinence.

Pelvic floor muscle training is effective for treating stress, urge, or mixed incontinence in men and women of any age.

Pelvic floor muscle training works for women, but not for men.

Pelvic floor muscle training is not effective for older people.

Pelvic floor muscle training is only useful for mild-moderate incontinence, but not severe incontinence.

wait as long as possible to go to the bathroom to increase bladder capacity.

stay away from the bathroom until they feel an urge to void. Then get to the bathroom as soon as possible.

stay away from the bathroom until they feel the urge to void. Then stay still and wait until the urge has passed before going to the bathroom.

stay near a bathroom as much as possible, so they won't have far to go when they feel an urge to void.

Relaxing the pelvic floor muscles to help relax the bladder

Squeezing the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) while rushing to the bathroom

Crossing the legs

Squeezing the PFMs while sitting still until the urgency goes away, then walking to the bathroom

consume a normal amount of fluid to avoid dehydration as well as sudden urgency.

increase fluid intake to ensure adequate hydration and train the bladder.

decrease fluid intake to minimize bladder filling.

increase fluid intake to prevent the loss of functional bladder capacity

avoid spicy foods, tomatoes, and citrus fruits.

keep a diary to see which foods or beverages increase urgency.

all of the above.

eliminate caffeine.

prescribe a specific set of exercises for the patients to do each day.

ensure that patients are contracting the PFMs selectively.

all of the above.

teach patients to contract PFMs whenever they engage in activities that precipitate leakage.

Patients should be told to eliminate caffeine gradually.

Patients should be advised to eliminate coffee only, as it the main source of caffeine.

Patients should be encouraged to try eliminating caffeine for a few days to see how it affects their bladder.

Patients should be encouraged to reduce caffeine gradually.