better defined for men versus women.

a and

supported by high-quality, level 1 evidence for most conditions.

of little value in assessing a patient with neuropathic voiding dysfunction.

best defined by the clinician who has clear-cut reasons for performing the study and who will use the information obtained to guide treatment.

a, b, and c

a and c

(a) decide on questions to be answered for a particular patient.

(c) prepare patients telling them why the test is being done, how the results may affect treatment, and what to expect during the actual UDS test.

(b) for consistency, be prepared to perform the study the same way, no matter what the circumstances.

Cystometrogram

Voiding pressure flow study

Postvoid residual volume

Uroflowmetry

Micturitional urethral pressure profile

should remain low (near zero) during bladder filling.

can be measured directly via a transurethral catheter.

is characterized by a and

rises before the external sphincter relaxes in normal voluntary micturition.

rises abruptly and does not return to baseline with detrusor overactivity.

bladder outlet obstruction.

spinal cord injury.

normal asymptomatic men and women.

overactive bladder.

an acontractile bladder.

Impaired compliance

Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia

Poor emptying with high storage pressures

A high detrusor leak point pressure (>40 cm H2O)

A high abdominal leak point pressure (>100 cm H2O)

incomplete bladder emptying.

a and c

low pressure, low-flow voiding dynamics.

impaired detrusor contractility.

high pressure, low-flow voiding dynamics.

(c) progressively relax as the bladder fills.

b and d

(b) relax before a voluntary detrusor contraction in a neurologically normal person.

(d) contract when the detrusor contracts in cases of detrusorexternal sphincter dyssynergia.

(a) relax with an involuntary bladder contraction in a neurologically normal person.

the most precise measure of lower urinary tract function and should be used in all cases where UDS is to be performed.

the procedure of choice for documenting bladder neck dysfunction in men and women.

too difficult to perform in spinal cord–injured patients.

the only way to assess obstruction in a man.

of no value in the pediatric population.

should not be used as a single factor to grade the severity of incontinence.

are the most important part of the UDS assessment of women with stress urinary incontinence.

are characterized by a and

must be done routinely before all surgery for stress incontinence, as supported by the literature.

can precisely define intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

filling rate.

none of the above.

bladder outlet obstruction.

presence of vesicoureteral reflux.

involuntary detrusor contractions.

To predict the outcome of specific treatments

To confirm the effects of intervention

To identify or rule out factors contributing to lower urinary tract dysfunction

To distinguish between neuropathic and non-neuropathic voiding dysfunction

To predict consequences of lower urinary tract dysfunction on the upper tract

failure to empty secondary to an overactive bladder.

failure to empty secondary to an underactive bladder outlet.

failure to store secondary to an underactive bladder outlet.

failure to store secondary to an overactive bladder outlet.

all of the above.

all of the above.

(b) a vaginal catheter.

(c) a bladder catheter.

a and c

(a) a rectal catheter.

in predicting outcomes of surgery for women with pure stress incontinence.

in predicting the likelihood of voiding dysfunction in women with pure stress incontinence

in predicting outcomes of conservative, nonsurgical treatments for women with mixed incontinence.

in any women considering surgical treatment.

in women who are considering surgical correction and have mixed incontinence symptoms or emptying difficulty.