Biodiversity loss and sustainable development - Overview. Current trajectory deeply unsustainable
Critical environmental issue. Ecocentric perspective - intrinsic value. Anthropocentric perspective instrumental value. B tends to promote health and resilience of ecosystems
MDG 7 failure to halt biodiversity loss
Millennium Development Goals
3 main types of biodiversity
Genetic - variation between genomes of organisms. Species diversity - refers to the range of species living in a particular geographical area. Ecosystem - refers to the range of species living within a particular ecosystem
Why is biodiversity important? Ecocentric view
Ecocentric perspective - we have an ethical and moral responsibility to care for the NHW because of its intrinsic value. B is valuable in its own right.
Why is biodiversity important - anthropocentric view
Emphasises the instrumental value to us. Important form of natural capital. A non-renewable resource. Direct exploitation - livestock farming. Not eg bees pollination. Also might be used by the pharmaceutical, cosmetics industry
Biodiversity is a vital indicator of Planetary Health
Planetary health
Biodiversity provides the raw materials for the process of natural selection and hence evolution
Important
Living in one of the greatest mass extinction periods of Earth's history - caused by man
Creation is far slower than loss
Loss due to over exploitation of species, habitat destruction
Loss
Increasing demands for mineral, forestry and agricultural products is fueling rapid changes in land use patterns, compounding the effects of urbanisation and industrialisation Roberts
Good quote
Resilience and phase shifts
Non linear,non predictable, not controllable, ecosystems behavior in response to human impacts.Recovery or pass an ecological threshold and undergo a phase shift onto a new state
Implications for conventional notions of optimal levels of exploitation of ecosystems
Very very dangerous Can cope with natural disturbances but not well equipped to cope with sustained human impacts
Return to former state is NOT guaranteed. Easier to sustain a resilient ecosystem than to repair it after a phase shift Hstereis
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