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The Origins Of Psychology: Who was Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

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說明

Wundt was the first person to call himself a psychologist. He believed all areas of the mind could be studied scientifically. He paved the way for psychology to become considered a science.

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The psychologist behind the bobo doll study of SLT

The first person to call himself a psychologist

The main figure of the psycho-dynamic approach

The psychologist who studied classical conditioning

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The Behaviourist Approach: Who is the main figure of classical conditioning?

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the Cognitive Approach: What are the features of the computer model called the working memory model?

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Central executive

Phonological loop

Vicarious reinforcement

Cognitive framework

Evolution

Introspection

Episodic buffer

Visuo-spatial sketch pad

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The Origins Of Psychology: What are the strengths and limitations of a scientific approach to psychology?

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Strength of scientific method
Strength of empirical method
Strength of self correctiveness
Limitation of objectivity
Limitation of unobservable psychology
Limitation of disagreement

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Scientific psychologists create situations that tell us little about more natural environments
Because methods rely on determinism, causes of behaviour are observable and replicable
If scientific theories no longer fit they can be refined or abandoned
Not all psychologists believe all human bhaviour can be observed through scientific methods.
Cannot be measured with any degree of acuracy
The reliance upon systematic and objective methods of observation, the results are shown to be fact

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The Behaviourist Approach: What does UCR stand for?

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The Cognitive Approach: Label the strengths and weaknesses

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Strength of application
Strength of method
Weakness of computer models
Weakness of ignoring emotion and motivation

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The cognitive approach ignores the motivation for behaviors and the emotions of the individual.
The emphasis on scientific, empirical and experimental method for collecting and evaluating evidence reach accurate conclusions upon how the mind works.
There is an important difference between the mind and the information processing in a computer. Computers don't make mistakes or forget things.
The cognitive approach has many applications in other areas of psychology. It has helped psychologists understand how we form impressions of other people as well as the errors and biases that influence our interpretation of behavior. It has also shown how individuals with disorders can have their disorder traced back to irrational thinking.

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The Behaviourist Approach: What is the behaviourist approach?

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說明

A behaviourist is someone who believes human behaviour can be explained in terms of conditioning, without the need to consider thoughts or feelings.

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The focus on observable events, stimulus and a response

The way of learning through social influences

The belief that behaviour is learnt

The study of children's behaviour

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The Origins Of Psychology: Why were Wundt's methods unreliable?

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His approach relied on nonobservable responses

He produced sexually biased conclusions

The Lack of reproducability

Patients often disagreed with his diagnosis

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The Cognitive Approach: What are schemas?

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A phonological loop

A component in the development in stereotypes

A stage in CBT

Schemas fill in gaps of knowledge

A cognitive framework

They help us interpret information on a daily basis

Schemas remove phobias

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The Behaviourist Approach: What does UCS stand for?

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The Origins Of Psychology: What does introspection mean?

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說明

Introspection is the process of a person learning about their own mental and emotional states by observing how they perceived an object or situation.

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A form of psychological therapy

'To observe another's behaviour'

'Looking into'

A form of scanning the brain

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The Origins Of Psychology: What is the scientific method?

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說明

The scientific method is the use of investigative methods that are objective, systematic and replicable, and can also involve the use of a hypothesis.

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Using chemicals as a treatment

Performing a lab study

Using methods that are replicable

Believing that all behaviour is caused by DNA

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The Origins Of Psychology: What is an empirical method?

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說明

Empiricism is the belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience. Involving predictions of observable human behaviour.

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Using aseptic techniques during a lab study

Creating a study based off of other studies

Observable behaviour

Using mathematics to calculate deviations

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The Cognitive Approach: Fill in the blanks

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Missing Words: | burnett et al (2009) | non-invasive| brain | emotions | the medial prefrontal cortex | structures | twentieth century |

The rapid advances in ways of studying the

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in the latter part of the

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has meant that neuroscientists are now able to study the living brain, giving them detailed information about the brain

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involved in different kinds of mental processing.

The use of

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neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission temography and functional magnetic resonance imaging help psychologists to understand how the brain supports different cognitive activities and

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by showing what parts of the brain become active in specific circumstances.

For example

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found that when people feel guilty, several brain regions are active, including

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an area associated with social emotions.

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The Cognitive Approach: When will a schema typically be formed?

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After CBT.

During a specific event i.e. a car accident.

Along with depression.

During psychoanalysis.