UoM Parasitology Lecture 6-9 (Year 2, Sem 2, 2017)

uom-parasitology-lecture-6-10-year-2-sem-2-2017

Lối Thoát Hiểm

Câu Hỏi 1 of 1

Thời Gian Còn Lại

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Leishmania, like the trypanosomes, are of the kinetoplastids family. Pick the statement about leishmania that is incorrect.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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Giải Trình

Forms affecting macrophages are morphogically identical but give varied clinical manifestations

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The infective stage of leishmania is a flagellated promastigote (metacyclic form) and there are three main types of molecules on the cell surface. Match the cell surface type with its description or qualities.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

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Khớp văn bản
Lipophosphoglycan (LPG)
Glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLS)
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPL) anchored glycoproteins

Nhấp và kéo
Inositol lipid anchor with repeating saccharide units, as a component of a glycocalyx
Major one is GP63 (1/2 million molecules on surface). Increases in levels during transformation of non-infective promastigote form to infective metacyclic forms
10^7 molecules per cell

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Complete the sentence about complement.

Điền vào chỗ trống

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Complement is a series of

proteins which are activated in turn (made in the liver)

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Select the incorrect statement about complement.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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In leishmania the GP63 and LPG molecules help bind to macrophages. Identify the incorrect receptor for the leishmania molecules and its way of attaching.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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In leishmania, the parasite is exposed to the immune system. Choose the incorrect answer to why the parasite is not destroyed.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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Leishmania use a number of molecules on its surface and certain structures. Match the molecules or structures with its use.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

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Giải Trình

Overall the parasite is engulfed but isn't killed by the macrophage

Khớp văn bản
Parasitophorous vacuole
GP63
LPG
Amastigote formed scavenger enzymes

Nhấp và kéo
Inactivates host proteases
Things like Superoxide dimutase and Glutathione peroxidase that recycle free radicals for the parasite to use
Inhibits Protein Kinase C involved in generation of toxic macrophage metabolites
Ph 4.2-5.2 LPG inhibits lysosomal enzymes

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Which cells take up leishmania first?

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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Giải Trình

The parasite also uses the trojan horse route where macrophages take up apoptosing cells as part of a clearance mechanism, injecting those macrophages.

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Trypansoma cruzi is another kinetoplastid, like leishmania, which is know to cause...

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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Giải Trình

Chagas disease is a south american disease, transmitting via the kissing bug vector (Triatomine)

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Order the steps involved Trypanosome cruzi's life cycle.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

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Giải Trình

The infection can cause chagasic cardiopathy. Tc-Tox is a molecule that is produced to distrupt the parasitophorous vacuole and release T cruzi into the cytoplasm (replication site). This system is similar to the action of C9 complement in the immne syste

So khớp Văn bản
1
2
3
4
5
6

Nhấp và kéo
Trypomastigote taken up by the kissing bug in a blood meal (into midgut to divide)
Metacyclic trypomastigote (formed in hindgut) released in kissing bug faeces on open skin or penetrate skin
If skin is infected it causes cutaneous (chagoma) infection, if its on the eye it causes ocular infection (Romana's sign)
The amastigote dividing stage in tissues will eventually turn into an epimastigote then a trypanomastigote (intracellular causes by low ph and production of Tc-Tox) increases the levels of the parasite
The trypanomastigote will break out of the cell and invade new cells and the blood
Start - Infection with the trypomastigote (non dividing) in the blood

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Match trypanosome cruzi's stage of disease with the symptoms of it's infection.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

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Khớp văn bản
Early Stage
Acute disease
Chronic disease (10-30/40 years)

Nhấp và kéo
Romanas sign (swellind around eye on one side of face) if ocular
Cardiac problems, enlarged heart, cardiac arres, enlargement of oesophagus/bowels
Not too severe

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Different Trypansome cruzi clones have different genetics and are found to invade different tissues. T cruzi uses different molecules to attach to host cells, match the molecule with its mode of function.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

(0/0)

Khớp văn bản
Trans-sialidases (GP85)
Membrane bound mucins

Nhấp và kéo
Major contributor. Trypomastigote stage specific surface (GPI anchored) glycoprotein with lots of variability to avoid immune destruction. Cause neurite outgrowth, platelet clearance and thymocyte/lymphocyte apoptosis and activation.
Involved in non-adaptive immunity in insects (invariant mucins) and adaptive immunity in mammals (variant mucins wth variable regions) to help immune evasion.

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Trypanosomes can invade every nucleated cell in a parasitophorous vacuole, but why is leishmania vacuole different to the trypanosomes. Choose the incorrect reason.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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In kinetoplastids which receptor/kinases have been shown important in raising intracellular calcium and accumulating lysosomes inside the cell and under the site of parasite attachment.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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Giải Trình

T cruzi fools the host into thinking there is membrane damage, causing wound repair mechanisms (stuff for this are transported with microtubules and initiated by intracellular calcium increases)

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T cruzi is known to cause the formation of a lysosomal based parasitophorous vacuoles but how does it do this? Choose the incorrect statement about the formation of the vacuoles.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

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Giải Trình

T cruzi is actually different to other parasites as it needs lysosomal fusion to replicate and survive!

UoM Parasitology Lecture 6-9 (Year 2, Sem 2, 2017)

Câu Hỏi 1 of 1

Thời Gian Còn Lại

Leishmania, like the trypanosomes, are of the kinetoplastids family. Pick the statement about leishmania that is incorrect.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

(0/0)

Giải Trình

The infective stage of leishmania is a flagellated promastigote (metacyclic form) and there are three main types of molecules on the cell surface. Match the cell surface type with its description or qualities.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

(0/0)

Lipophosphoglycan (LPG)

Glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLS)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPL) anchored glycoproteins

Inositol lipid anchor with repeating saccharide units, as a component of a glycocalyx

Major one is GP63 (1/2 million molecules on surface). Increases in levels during transformation of non-infective promastigote form to infective metacyclic forms

10^7 molecules per cell

Complete the sentence about complement.

Điền vào chỗ trống

(0/0)

Select the incorrect statement about complement.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

(0/0)

In leishmania the GP63 and LPG molecules help bind to macrophages. Identify the incorrect receptor for the leishmania molecules and its way of attaching.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

(0/0)

In leishmania, the parasite is exposed to the immune system. Choose the incorrect answer to why the parasite is not destroyed.

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

(0/0)

Leishmania use a number of molecules on its surface and certain structures. Match the molecules or structures with its use.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

(0/0)

Giải Trình

Parasitophorous vacuole

GP63

LPG

Amastigote formed scavenger enzymes

Inactivates host proteases

Things like Superoxide dimutase and Glutathione peroxidase that recycle free radicals for the parasite to use

Inhibits Protein Kinase C involved in generation of toxic macrophage metabolites

Ph 4.2-5.2 LPG inhibits lysosomal enzymes

Which cells take up leishmania first?

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

(0/0)

Giải Trình

Trypansoma cruzi is another kinetoplastid, like leishmania, which is know to cause...

Chọn câu trả lời đúng

(0/0)

Giải Trình

Order the steps involved Trypanosome cruzi's life cycle.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

(0/0)

Giải Trình

1

2

3

4

5

6

Trypomastigote taken up by the kissing bug in a blood meal (into midgut to divide)

Metacyclic trypomastigote (formed in hindgut) released in kissing bug faeces on open skin or penetrate skin

If skin is infected it causes cutaneous (chagoma) infection, if its on the eye it causes ocular infection (Romana's sign)

The amastigote dividing stage in tissues will eventually turn into an epimastigote then a trypanomastigote (intracellular causes by low ph and production of Tc-Tox) increases the levels of the parasite

The trypanomastigote will break out of the cell and invade new cells and the blood

Start - Infection with the trypomastigote (non dividing) in the blood

Match trypanosome cruzi's stage of disease with the symptoms of it's infection.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

(0/0)

Early Stage

Acute disease

Chronic disease (10-30/40 years)

Romanas sign (swellind around eye on one side of face) if ocular

Cardiac problems, enlarged heart, cardiac arres, enlargement of oesophagus/bowels

Not too severe

Different Trypansome cruzi clones have different genetics and are found to invade different tissues. T cruzi uses different molecules to attach to host cells, match the molecule with its mode of function.

Khớp văn bản (nhấp và kéo)

(0/0)

Trans-sialidases (GP85)

Membrane bound mucins

Major contributor. Trypomastigote stage specific surface (GPI anchored) glycoprotein with lots of variability to avoid immune destruction. Cause neurite outgrowth, platelet clearance and thymocyte/lymphocyte apoptosis and activation.

Involved in non-adaptive immunity in insects (invariant mucins) and adaptive immunity in mammals (variant mucins wth variable regions) to help immune evasion.