extended pathologic analysis of excised lymph nodes.

preoperative inguinal ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration of any abnormal-appearing nodes.

use of an ultrasensitive gamma ray detection probe.

intraoperative palpation of the wound for abnormal nodes.

routine inguinal exploration in the absence of radiotracer visualization.

The node dissection excludes regions lateral to the femoral artery and caudad to the fossa ovalis.

The transposition of the sartorius muscle is eliminated.

Decreased morbidity.

The saphenous vein is preserved.

The required incision is longer.

The femoral nerve is visualized superior to the iliacus fascia.

A laparoscopic approach has not been reported.

The saphenous vein may be preserved in the setting of low-volume disease.

The fascia lata remains intact.

Rotation of the gracilis muscle is performed to cover the exposed femoral vessels.

external iliac nodes.

a and b

distal common iliac nodes.

para-aortic and paracaval node dissection.

obturator group of nodes.

Obliteration of dead space during wound closure

Low-dose heparin in the perioperative period

Postoperative bed rest and elastic stockings

A 6-week delay between treatment of the primary tumor and the node dissection

Preservation of Colles fascia in the flap dissection