preoperative inguinal ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration of any abnormal-appearing nodes.

use of an ultrasensitive gamma ray detection probe.

routine inguinal exploration in the absence of radiotracer visualization.

extended pathologic analysis of excised lymph nodes.

intraoperative palpation of the wound for abnormal nodes.

Decreased morbidity.

The required incision is longer.

The node dissection excludes regions lateral to the femoral artery and caudad to the fossa ovalis.

The transposition of the sartorius muscle is eliminated.

The saphenous vein is preserved.

A laparoscopic approach has not been reported.

The fascia lata remains intact.

The saphenous vein may be preserved in the setting of low-volume disease.

Rotation of the gracilis muscle is performed to cover the exposed femoral vessels.

The femoral nerve is visualized superior to the iliacus fascia.

distal common iliac nodes.

obturator group of nodes.

para-aortic and paracaval node dissection.

a and b

external iliac nodes.

A 6-week delay between treatment of the primary tumor and the node dissection

Preservation of Colles fascia in the flap dissection

Obliteration of dead space during wound closure

Low-dose heparin in the perioperative period

Postoperative bed rest and elastic stockings