aspirin is 5 days.

warfarin is 5 days.

nonsteroidal inflammatory agents is 1 day.

herbal medications is 2 weeks.

clopidogrel is 10 days.

Balloon dilation compared to semirigid plastic dilation of the access tract

Tract infiltration with local anesthetic

Thoracic paravertebral block

Intercostal nerve block

Smaller compared to larger caliber postprocedure nephrostomy tubes

continuously monitors depth of needle penetration.

cannot be performed in malrotated kidneys.

is not as dependent on retrograde assistance as the "eye-of-the-needle" technique.

increases radiation exposure to the operator's hands compared to the "eyeof- the-needle" technique.

is less suitable than the "eye-of-the-needle" technique in morbidly obese patients.

more urinary leakage.

less need for removal in the radiology suite.

equivalent pain.

earlier hospital discharge.

less postprocedure blood loss.

Duodenum

Liver

Gallbladder

Jejunum

Spleen