Urethral meatus

Bulbomembranous urethra

Pendulous urethra

Fossa navicularis

Prostatic urethra

Penectomy is usually indicated for tumors infiltrating the corpus spongiosum.

Prognosis depends on histologic cell type.

Prognosis is worse than for bulbomembranous urethral cancer.

Biopsy most commonly demonstrates transitional cell carcinoma.

Conservative surgical therapy is not effective.

Intraoperative ultrasound imaging

Cauterization of the urethral bed

Removal of the fossa navicularis and urethral meatus

Bilateral groin dissections

Total penectomy

It seems to occur more frequently than after cutaneous diversion.

Surveillance consists of urine cytology and symptom assessment.

Urethrectomy with conversion to a continent cutaneous diversion may be possible in some patients.

Urethrectomy and cutaneous diversion can often be done using bowel tissue from the existing neobladder.

Some patients with carcinoma in situ may be successfully treated with urethral infusion of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

childhood urinary tract infections.

chronic irritation or urinary tract infections.

proliferative lesions such as caruncles.

human papillomavirus infection.

leukoplakia.

Transitional cell carcinoma

Melanoma

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Lymphoma

Urinary retention

Anatomic location and extent of the tumor

Hematuria

Age at presentation

Histologic type of the tumor

as a single modality for proximal invasive tumors.

at controlling distant metastatic disease.

when used in conjunction with chemotherapy for low-stage distal urethral tumors.

at controlling small lesions in the distal urethra.

as neoadjuvant therapy before excision of locally advanced proximal urethral cancer.