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Water and electrolyte absorption

water-and-electrolyte-absorption

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Where are there more microvacuolated columnar cell?

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What ion is secreted in the small intestine?

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What ions are reabsorbed in the small intestine?

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What is excreted in the colon?

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What ions are reabsorbed in the colon?

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What effect do Ach, 5-HT & VIP

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Enkephalins & norepinephrine

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Endocrine regulation of water and electrolyte absorption

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Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
Somatostatin
Guanylin

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Increases Ns absorption, intracellular calcium increases, increases NaCl absorption
Increase Na absorption (ENac and Na/K ATPase activity)
Secreted by panted and goblet cells, acts on intestinal epithelia itself - controls secretion (stimulates Cl' secretion to flush away pathogens)
Increase Na absorption by increase apical Na/H exchange (ENac activity in the kidneys is the same)

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NF-kB

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How does prostaglandin secretion change with inflammation

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How do prostaglandins cause increased secretion?

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What do histamines increase production of?

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Secretory diahorrea

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Cholera causes activation of adenylate cyclase
E.coli activates guanylate cyclase
ZOT results in opening tight junctions

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Breaks the tight junctions making them more leaky and increases secretion
Shuts down Na/H exchange to flush out bacteria in the gut
Binds to guanylin receptor increasing Cl- secretion

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How does cholera act

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cAMP activates protein kinase which phosphorylates proteins causing the opening of CFTR which secretes Cl-
Endocytosis and activates adenylate cyclase and cAMP
Binds to monosialoganglioside receptor on enterocyte burst border
Toxin produced by vibrio cholera

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Pathological alterations

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Congenital chloride diahorrea
Vener-Morrison syndrome

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VIP tumour resulting in watery diahorrea, achlorhydria and hypokalaemia
Cl- malabsorption, dont absorb as much fluid as lost in the faeces

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