UoM Parasitology Lecture 1-4 (Year 2, Sem 2, 2017)

uom-parasitology-lecture-1-5-year-2-sem-2-2017

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There are some parasites which also have active free-living versions. Hookworms and schistosomes are examples of these parasites. Order the steps in the schistosome life cycle.

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Paired adult cercariae migrate to mesenteric venules of bowel/rectum or the venous plexus of the bladder
Miracidia penetrate snail tissue
Eggs layed at the sites circulate to the liver and shed in stools
Eggs hatch releasing miracidia
Start - The parasite (S. Haematobium/S. Japonicum/S. Mansoni) was released in the urine or faeces
Cercariae circulate and migrate to portal blood (in liver) maturing into adults
Sporocysts form in the snail
Cercariae penetrate skin
Cercariae lose tails during penetration to become schistomulae
Cercariae released by snail into water

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Hookworms like ancylostoma and necator are indirect parasites which have active free-living stages (so are schistomes). Order the steps in the hookworm lifestyle.

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Worms circulate to the small intestine as adults
Rhabditiform larva hatches out of the egg
Start - Eggs shed into faeces
Filariform larvae are formed and penetrate human skin

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In lecture 2 there were lots of different classifications for the parasites. Match the type with its example parasite.

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1. Never exposed, develops in the environment and is transmitted by scavenging/predation
2. Isn't exposed to the environment, but has more than one host
3. Exposed to the environment, but doesn't have and active free-living form
4. Parasite is exposed but also has an active free-living form

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Trichinella Spiralis (spiral threadworm)
Plasmodium, Wuchereria bancrofti
Tapeworms (indirect), Ascaris lumbercoides (direct)
Schistosomes, hookworms (both indirect)

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Toxoplasma gondii is a member of the apicomplexan family, just like plasmodium. It affects almost all warm blooded animals and is though to affect...

Select the correct answer(s).

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Choose the incorrect statement about toxoplasma gondii's history.

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Order the steps involved in the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle (picture is provided if needed)

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Sporulated oocysts (contain male and female sporozoites/gametes) contaminate cattle feed/soil or food/water for humans
The ingested sporulated oocysts form tissue cysts (after invading the intestinal epithelium and disseminating around the body as a tachyzoite stage) in humans or in animals, where the infected cattle meat can affect humans and cats (intermediate hosts).
Oocysts are sporulated in the faeces
The cycle starts again in the definitive host, and in humans, the tachyzoites of toxoplasma can pass through the placenta and infect the foetus
Start - The definitive host (cat) releases unsporulated oocysts passed into its faeces (bodies tachzoites turn into bradyzoites and enter the intestine)

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Toxoplasma gondii forms oocysts in the intestinal epithelium shed in the unsporulated forms in the faeces over 3-18 days. Oocysts sporulate within 3 weeks and are very stable in..

Select the correct answer(s).

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Toxoplasma forms tachyzoites that penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the hosts system. Choose the statement about tachyzoites that is incorrect.

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Toxoplasma gondii can exist as bradyzoites. Choose the statement about bradyzoites which is incorrect.

Select the correct answer(s).

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How does toxoplasma move?

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Order the steps involved in Toxoplasma gondii's penetration of the small intestine.

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Invasion
Seperation
Apical attachment to host surface
Initial attachment to host surface
Closure
Rhoptery discharge
MJ formation

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Choose the clinical manifestation acquired from toxoplasma infection, which is incorrect.

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Explanation

Immunocompromised patients can get fatal pneumonia and ocular problems, even coma, encephalitis and death!

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The effects of congenital transmission of toxoplasma gondii can be very dangerous. Name the incorrect clinical manifestation of vertical transmission of toxoplasma.

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The problem with toxoplasma is that the host immune system cotntrols them with a th1 response (IFN-gamma) which causes them to differentiate into bradyzoite cysts, laying dormant. Name the molecule the toxo secretes that enhances the th1 response.

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Fill in the blanks of a statement about toxoplasma.

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Women who are seropositive for toxoplasma have more

offspring than the uninfected women, because this gender has a higher likelihood of roaming.

UoM Parasitology Lecture 1-4 (Year 2, Sem 2, 2017)

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

There are some parasites which also have active free-living versions. Hookworms and schistosomes are examples of these parasites. Order the steps in the schistosome life cycle.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Paired adult cercariae migrate to mesenteric venules of bowel/rectum or the venous plexus of the bladder

Miracidia penetrate snail tissue

Eggs layed at the sites circulate to the liver and shed in stools

Eggs hatch releasing miracidia

Start - The parasite (S. Haematobium/S. Japonicum/S. Mansoni) was released in the urine or faeces

Cercariae circulate and migrate to portal blood (in liver) maturing into adults

Sporocysts form in the snail

Cercariae penetrate skin

Cercariae lose tails during penetration to become schistomulae

Cercariae released by snail into water

Hookworms like ancylostoma and necator are indirect parasites which have active free-living stages (so are schistomes). Order the steps in the hookworm lifestyle.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

1

2

3

4

Worms circulate to the small intestine as adults

Rhabditiform larva hatches out of the egg

Start - Eggs shed into faeces

Filariform larvae are formed and penetrate human skin

In lecture 2 there were lots of different classifications for the parasites. Match the type with its example parasite.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

1. Never exposed, develops in the environment and is transmitted by scavenging/predation

2. Isn't exposed to the environment, but has more than one host

3. Exposed to the environment, but doesn't have and active free-living form

4. Parasite is exposed but also has an active free-living form

Trichinella Spiralis (spiral threadworm)

Plasmodium, Wuchereria bancrofti

Tapeworms (indirect), Ascaris lumbercoides (direct)

Schistosomes, hookworms (both indirect)

Toxoplasma gondii is a member of the apicomplexan family, just like plasmodium. It affects almost all warm blooded animals and is though to affect...

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Choose the incorrect statement about toxoplasma gondii's history.

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Order the steps involved in the Toxoplasma gondii life cycle (picture is provided if needed)

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

1

2

3

4

5

Sporulated oocysts (contain male and female sporozoites/gametes) contaminate cattle feed/soil or food/water for humans

The ingested sporulated oocysts form tissue cysts (after invading the intestinal epithelium and disseminating around the body as a tachyzoite stage) in humans or in animals, where the infected cattle meat can affect humans and cats (intermediate hosts).

Oocysts are sporulated in the faeces

The cycle starts again in the definitive host, and in humans, the tachyzoites of toxoplasma can pass through the placenta and infect the foetus

Start - The definitive host (cat) releases unsporulated oocysts passed into its faeces (bodies tachzoites turn into bradyzoites and enter the intestine)

Toxoplasma gondii forms oocysts in the intestinal epithelium shed in the unsporulated forms in the faeces over 3-18 days. Oocysts sporulate within 3 weeks and are very stable in..

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Toxoplasma forms tachyzoites that penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the hosts system. Choose the statement about tachyzoites that is incorrect.

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Toxoplasma gondii can exist as bradyzoites. Choose the statement about bradyzoites which is incorrect.

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

How does toxoplasma move?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Order the steps involved in Toxoplasma gondii's penetration of the small intestine.