UoM Cell Metabolism Lecture 18-21 Intergrative control of core metabolism, starving, diabetes and obesity (Year 2, Sem 2, 2017)

uom-cell-metabolism-lecture-18-21-intergrative-control-of-core-metabolism-starving-diabetes-and-obesity-year-2-sem-2-2017

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Question 1 of 1

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240

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Which of these isn't a viable type 1 diabetes treatment?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

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240

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Which of these isn't a viable therapy for type 2 diabetes insipidus?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

265256

240

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Match the diabetes type 2 drug with its action.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Insulin secretagogues like Glibenclamide
Insulin mimetics like Metformin
Insulin sensitizers like Avandia

Click and drag
Activate AMPK stimulating glucose synthesis via PEPCK and metabolism via GLUT4
Acts on nearly all proteins involved, causing metabolic changes, protein turnover (apoptosis/cell division), gene expression
Inhibits ATP-dependent K+ channels (Kir6.2) acting on SUR1 (bnds sulponylerea compounds) closure then insulin release)

265257

180

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Match the % of action in reabsorption with the sodium-glucose variant.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
SGLT2
SGLT1

Click and drag
10%
90%

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180

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Genetics is a variable in obesity as the stem cells define the number of progenitor (pre-adipocytes) and therefore white adipose tissues. The hereditability is higher than for height, but what is the % hereditability?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

265291

300

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We know that there is an Obese (ob) variant of leptin and Diabetes (db) variant of the leptin receptor. Order the steps involved in leptin signalling and action.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the Text
1
2
3
4

Click and drag
The STAT molecule lastly takes place in leptin regulated transcription
Leptin binds to leptin receptor
Activates Janus kinase and inhibits Kir (ATP sensitive K channel)
First translocates STAT into the nucleus and phosphorylates, the second decreases K+ conc. and lowers membrane potential/decreases firing

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240

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Where in the body has high amounts of leptin receptors (important in appetite/calorie intake)? (there are more in immune, reproductive and muscle cells)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

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240

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FTO is the fat mass and obesity associated gene (increased in food deprivation in the hypothalamus), having an inverse correlation with what peptides?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

265294

480

none

Look at the picture, showing integration of adipocyte hormones, gut action and inputs to the appetite centre of the forebrain. Looking at this integrated set of mechanisms, note which would not be a therapy for obesity.

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

265295

300

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There are a number of target neurones that leptin inhibits (type 1 stimulating appetite) and stimulates (type 2 decreasing appetite), showing leptin reduces appetite. The environment also affects function of leptin. Match the neuronal type with its proteins of action (these neurones are of the arcurate nucleus of hypothalamus).

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Neuronal type 1 (inhibited by leptin, but stimulating food intake)
Neuronal type 2 (stimulated by leptin, but decreasing food intake)

Click and drag
a-melanocyte stimulating hormone and cocaine/amphetamine regulated transcript (CART)
Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein (AGRP)

265163

600

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Insulin acts through many mechanisms for controlling metabolism, mainly through PI3-K, PKB/Akyt and MAPK cascades. This can be through metabolic enzyme control, transcription factors or regulatory proteins like phosphatases, translation factors, vesicular control and cAMP phosphodiesterases. Which of these isn't an action of insulin via PI3-K and PKB pathways? (learn well)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

265164

600

none

Match the metabolic effect of insulin with its target enzyme (these often are manipulated at a genetic TF level) (learn well).

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Increase muscle/adipose glucose uptake
Increase liver glucose uptake
Increase glycogen synthesis in liver/muscle
Reduce glycogen breakdown in liver/muscle
Increased glycolysis and acetyl-CoA production in liver/muscle
Increased fatty acid synthesis in liver
Increased TAG synthesis in adipose tissue

Click and drag
Increase glycogen synthase (glucose to glycogen)
Increase GLUT4 transporter translocation and relevant genes/TF's
Increase lipoprotein lipase in blood capillaries
Increases acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA)
Increase glucokinase expression (phosphorylate Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate to pull glucose in via gradients)
Increased PFK1 which is a commitment step of glycolysis (by increase PFK2) and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA for TAG storage)
Inhibit glycogen phosphorylase (glycogen to glucose-1-phospate)

265165

600

none

Match the action of glucagon signalling through its G-protein coupled receptors and cAMP/PKA action, with the enzyme mechanism. (learn well)

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Increases gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes
Stimulates gluconeogenesis
Stimulates glycogen breakdown
Inhibits glycogen synthesis
Stimulates TAG mobilisation
Stimulates FA oxidation and inhibits FA synthesis

Click and drag
Inhibits ACC (acetyl CoA carboxylase)
Activates HSL, ATGL, Perilipin
Activates FBPase-2, inhibits pyruvate kinase and activates PEP CK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)
Activates CREBP (cAMP response element binding protein)
Activates glycogen phosphorylase
Inhibits glycogen synthase

265166

600

none

Match the metabolic effect of glucagons action with its target enzyme.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Glycogen breakdown
Reduced glycogen synthesis
Reduced glycolysis
Increased gluconeogenesis from amino acids, glycerol and oxaloacetate
Increased fatty acid metabolism at adipose
Increased ketogenesis

Click and drag
Increased glycogen phosphorylase
Increase HSL, PKA (phosphorylates perillpin)
Reduced PFK1
Increased FBPase-2 and PEP carboxykinase, but reduced pyruvate kinase
Decreased ACC
Decreased glycogen synthase

265167

600

none

Match the effect of adrenaline with purpose.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Increase HR, BP and dilation of respiratory passages
Increased glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis, but reduction of glycogen synthesis
Increased glycolysis in muscle
Increased fatty acid mobilisation
Increased glucagon secretion and reduced insulin secretion

Click and drag
Increases delivery of O2 to tissue
Increased ATP
Reinforces metabolic effects of adrenaline
Increases availability of fatty acids as fuel
Increases production of glucose

UoM Cell Metabolism Lecture 18-21 Intergrative control of core metabolism, starving, diabetes and obesity (Year 2, Sem 2, 2017)

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

Which of these isn't a viable type 1 diabetes treatment?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Which of these isn't a viable therapy for type 2 diabetes insipidus?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Match the diabetes type 2 drug with its action.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Insulin secretagogues like Glibenclamide

Insulin mimetics like Metformin

Insulin sensitizers like Avandia

Activate AMPK stimulating glucose synthesis via PEPCK and metabolism via GLUT4

Acts on nearly all proteins involved, causing metabolic changes, protein turnover (apoptosis/cell division), gene expression

Inhibits ATP-dependent K+ channels (Kir6.2) acting on SUR1 (bnds sulponylerea compounds) closure then insulin release)

Match the % of action in reabsorption with the sodium-glucose variant.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

SGLT2

SGLT1

10%

90%

Genetics is a variable in obesity as the stem cells define the number of progenitor (pre-adipocytes) and therefore white adipose tissues. The hereditability is higher than for height, but what is the % hereditability?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

We know that there is an Obese (ob) variant of leptin and Diabetes (db) variant of the leptin receptor. Order the steps involved in leptin signalling and action.

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

1

2

3

4

The STAT molecule lastly takes place in leptin regulated transcription

Leptin binds to leptin receptor

Activates Janus kinase and inhibits Kir (ATP sensitive K channel)

First translocates STAT into the nucleus and phosphorylates, the second decreases K+ conc. and lowers membrane potential/decreases firing

Where in the body has high amounts of leptin receptors (important in appetite/calorie intake)? (there are more in immune, reproductive and muscle cells)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

FTO is the fat mass and obesity associated gene (increased in food deprivation in the hypothalamus), having an inverse correlation with what peptides?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Look at the picture, showing integration of adipocyte hormones, gut action and inputs to the appetite centre of the forebrain. Looking at this integrated set of mechanisms, note which would not be a therapy for obesity.

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Neuronal type 1 (inhibited by leptin, but stimulating food intake)

Neuronal type 2 (stimulated by leptin, but decreasing food intake)

a-melanocyte stimulating hormone and cocaine/amphetamine regulated transcript (CART)

Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein (AGRP)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Match the metabolic effect of insulin with its target enzyme (these often are manipulated at a genetic TF level) (learn well).

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Increase muscle/adipose glucose uptake

Increase liver glucose uptake

Increase glycogen synthesis in liver/muscle

Reduce glycogen breakdown in liver/muscle

Increased glycolysis and acetyl-CoA production in liver/muscle

Increased fatty acid synthesis in liver

Increased TAG synthesis in adipose tissue

Increase glycogen synthase (glucose to glycogen)

Increase GLUT4 transporter translocation and relevant genes/TF's

Increase lipoprotein lipase in blood capillaries

Increases acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA)

Increase glucokinase expression (phosphorylate Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate to pull glucose in via gradients)

Increased PFK1 which is a commitment step of glycolysis (by increase PFK2) and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA for TAG storage)

Inhibit glycogen phosphorylase (glycogen to glucose-1-phospate)

Match the action of glucagon signalling through its G-protein coupled receptors and cAMP/PKA action, with the enzyme mechanism. (learn well)

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Increases gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes

Stimulates gluconeogenesis

Stimulates glycogen breakdown

Inhibits glycogen synthesis