105°C

121°C

10°C

100°C

50°C

Remove water from the naphtha

To remove water from the crude oil

To remove diesel fuel from the naphtha

To cause the heavy hydrocarbons to be transformed into lighter hydrocarbons

Remove sulphur and nitrogen compounds before the naphtha goes to the platformer

-11°C

0°C

5°C

-3°C

-35°C

By automatically maintaining temperature, humidity and ventilation by using forced ventilation and steam coils

By stacking it in layers so that each surface receives natural air currents

In a shed like building by natural air circulation

Slowly over a long period of time

Naphtha is the main input

Heavy gas oils are contacted with a hot catalyst in a reactor

Heavy gas oils are contacted with a hot catalyst in a reformer

Gang

Chain

Deck

Band

Hand

Remove the sulphur and nitrogen from the diesel fuel

Cause the heavy hydrocarbons to be transformed into lighter hydrocarbons

Remove the propane, butane and light ends from the crude oil

Remove contaminants from crude oil, and process it into specific end products

Blend and add additives to crude oil

Convert crude oil into more stable products

-5°C

-35°C

10°C

-11°C

1°C

A convection heater

Conduction heater

The uptake

A radiant heater

Drained tubes are cleaner for the radiologist to work with.

X-rays passing through the oil might cause an explosion.

Of the severe burn hazard that hot oil prevents.

Oil and coke appear similar on the x-ray picture.

Every shift

Annually

When the atmosphere is dusty.

Every six months

Lock-ups

Fail safes

ASDs

Interlocks

Conventional, single stage centrifugal pump

Regenerative pump

Multistage reciprocating pump

Rotary screw pump

Sliding vane pump

Smooth and raised

Tongue and groove

Grooved and recessed

Threaded

Grooved and raised