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Topic 8 - Nerve Impulse Transmission

topic-8-nerve-impulse-transmission

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Which type of animals have myelinated axons?

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What does the the myelin sheath act as?

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Where does depolarisation occur?

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How does an impulse travel through an axon?

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What is the name given to the way the impulse jumps between nodes?

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Is the axon narrower or wider in myelinated cells?

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What is the name for the point at which 2 neurones meet?

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What is the name given to the small gap between 2 neurones?

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How many other neurones can a neurone be synapsed with?

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A nerve impulse jumps across the synaptic cleft?

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What is a synaptic vesicle?

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How does the synapse transmit an impulse?

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Ca2+ ions cause synaptic vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane.
Neurotransmitter binds with receptors on postsynaptic membrane.
Neurotransmitter released and taken back up by presynaptic membrane.
Action potential arrives at presynaptic membrane.
Action potential initiated in postsynaptic membrane.
Presynaptic membrane becomes depolarised.
Neurotransmitter may also be broken down in synaptic cleft.
Cation (+ve) channels in postsynaptic membrane open.
Na+ ions flow through channels.
Postsynaptic membrane is depolarised.
Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft.
Ca2+ channels open and Ca2+ ions enter presynaptic neurone.

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Which of these features are present in inhibitors and excretory synapses?

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How does an inhibitory synapse work?

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Channels for Cl- and K+ open in postsynaptic membrane.
Depolarisation is therefore less likely.
Cl- and K+ diffuse through channels into synaptic cleft.
More excitory synapses will be needed to depolarise membrane.
Cl- carries negative charge into postsynaptic cell,
whilst K+ carries positive charge out of postsynaptic cell.
This is known as hyperpolarisation.
Causes greater potential difference across postsynaptic membrane.

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What is the purpose of excretory synapses?

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