Jacob's did research into the

of

- Term Memory

A strength of it is that is has

applications (e.g. postcodes etc...)

However, weaknesses include there were

differences between the participants and the research itself was conducted a long time ago.

In this time, practices have changed and this study could have lacked

procedure. This means it is less reliable and consequently less

Peterson and Peterson tested

undergraduate students

and each one took part in

trials / tests.

On each trial, the student was given a

(such as YCG) to remember as well as being given a

digit number. The student had to count backwards from the number until being told to stop

this would thus prevent mental

On each trial, they were told to stop after a different amount of time before being asked to recall

(at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 seconds).

Memory was shown to get

the longer they had to count, suggesting that STM has a

duration unless we repeat something over and over again (i.e. verbal

)

Peterson and Peterson investigated the

of

- term memory. A strength of their experiment was that the p's were of

ages and that there was control by preventing

and in their use of

procedures. However, the fact that the p's were of similar

also meant that they

representative of the general population, affecting their

Additionally, their sample size was very

(which means

will more greatly affect results) and the environment was very

(which meant it lacked meaning and real-life consequences, which in turn causes a lack of

within the participants.

Bahrick tested p's aged between

and

High school yearbooks were obtained and p's were tested on their recall of previous

via two methods. One of these was the

test, where 50

photos

(some of which were from the yearbook) were shown to the p's, to see if they recognised the faces

The other test was the

test, where p's, without aid, had to recall the

of their graduating class.

After

years of graduating, photo-recognition accuracy was at

%, and free-recall accuracy was at

%.

After

years of graduating, photo-recognition accuracy was at

%, and free-recall accuracy was at

%, thus showing that LTM can last a very long time.

Miller made

of everyday life and noticed that many things come in chunks of

He, therefore, suggested that the CAPACITY of STM was

+ / -

Miller also noted that people can recall

words as well as they can letters and suggested they do this via

(grouping) sets of digits or letters into units.