Occurs when a stimulus does not become associated with an outcome that is already fully predicted

Does not tell us anything about the mechanisms of learning

Refers to the prevention of learning even when there is a prediction error

Occurs when a stimulus impairs learning about a less salient stimulus

Have been discovered in dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area

Only occur in reward-related learning

Have not yet been revealed in the human brain

Do not occur when an expected outcome is omitted

The amount that is learned on each training trial

The shape of a learning curve

Why we remember some things and forget others

How areas are involved in memory

Which areas are involved in memory

Nothing useful in relation to memory

Which areas are necessary for memory

We know the critical brain areas that support fear memories

The memory can be acquired very rapidly

We can study these types of memories in experimental animals

We do not know enough about other types of learning to use them

The synthesis of the specific protein Arc

Activity at NMDA receptors

Activity at AMPA receptors

The synthesis of new proteins

but we don't know the real reason why

because the consolidation period allows for important memories to be strengthened

because consolidation allows only important memories to be stabilised

just because it is impossible for long-term memories to be formed instantaneously

A form of synaptic plasticity

Divided into early and late forms

An increase in the baseline activity of a neuron

In a non-associative form

In the amygdala

In brain slices

Is activated by fearful faces

Is specifically involved in fear

Is necessary for remembering emotional events

All of the above

in the amygdala

even when protein synthesis is inhibited

after fear conditioning

Cannot co-exist with LTP

Always results in a decrease in the output of a neuronal network

Occurs in response to low-frequency stimulation

Only exists in the cerebellum

Results in the reduction of synaptic responses

Is necessary for the recognition of emotion

All of the above

Is activated by emotional facial expressions

Is activated by unconscious presentation of fearful faces

erases the original memory

explains forgetting over time

is induced by the presentation of a CS in the absence of a US

results from the formation of a new inhibitory memory

stabilises a memory shortly after its acquisition

may allow a memory to be modified

is an alternative name for memory extinction

destabilises an inactive memory