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block

Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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a "9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules

membrane-enclosed organelles

a nucleoid with a circular chromosome

photosynthetic pigments

cell walls

none

Plasmids _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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All of the listed responses are correct.

replicate independently of the main chromosome

are transferred from one bacterium to another by conjugation

allow bacteria to survive adverse conditions

often contain antibiotic resistance genes

none

Which statement about transformation is true?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Although common in laboratory populations of bacteria, it does not play an important role in natural bacterial populations.

It can be facilitated by cell-surface proteins that recognize compatible DNA.

It requires transport of DNA by a virus.

It requires movement of DNA through a pilus.

It is a very rare phenomenon that happens by chance.

none

A gram-negative cell wall consists of _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

a thick layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides

peptidoglycan and cellulose

a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by a capsule

cholesterol and peptidoglycan

none

Why is salt a good preservative to use for foods such as pork and fish?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Salt breaks down the peptidoglycan found in the capsule of prokaryotes.

Prokaryotic cells living in the food will shrink from their cell walls, impacting their ability to reproduce.

Prokaryotes living in the food products will take in excess water and explode.

Salt breaks down the chitin contained in the cell walls of prokaryotes.

Salt is a toxin to prokaryotic cells and leads to their death.

none

The Desulfovibrio bacterium breaks down organic matter (which it must have) and uses sulfate (not oxygen) as an electron acceptor. As a result, it produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S), accounting for the "rotten egg" smell of swamp muck. Oxygen is a deadly poison to Desulfovibrio. We would call Desulfovibrio a(n) _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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obligately anaerobic chemoheterotroph

facultatively anaerobic chemoautotroph

obligately anaerobic chemoautotroph

facultatively aerobic chemoheterotroph

There is insufficient information to answer this question.

none

Gram-negative bacteria have _____ peptidoglycan than gram-positive cells, and their cell walls are _____ complex structurally.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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less ... more

less ... less

more ... More None of the listed responses is correct.

more ... less

none

How is it possible that as many as 9 million mutations can arise each day in the E. coli inhabiting one human?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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E. coli have a very high mutation rate.

The mathematics of large population size and rapid reproduction rate combine to produce many mutations without a particularly high mutation rate.

Conjugation is occurring.

none

The bacteria that cause tetanus can be killed only by prolonged heating at temperatures considerably above boiling. This suggests that these bacteria _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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secrete endotoxins

produce endospores

protect themselves by secreting antibiotics

have cell walls containing peptidoglycan

are autotrophic

none

Bacteria that use light for their energy source and CO2 for their carbon source are called _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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photoheterotrophs

chemoautotrophs

chemoheterotrophs

photoautotrophs

photochemoheterotrophs

none

In the absence of meiosis and sexual reproduction, what general process allows genetic recombination among prokaryotes?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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mutation

chemoautotrophy

transduction

horizontal gene transfer

evolution

none

Which of the following is true about R plasmids?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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B. They can be transferred from one bacterium to another via conjugation.

C. They can carry several resistance genes.

A. They can only carry one resistance gene for resistance to one antibiotic.

Both the B and C are correct.

Both the A and B are correct.

none

Choose the list below that contains the substances required by typical nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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oxygen, sulfur, light, water, and some minerals

carbon dioxide, ammonium, water, light, and some minerals

carbon, nitrogen, light, water, and some minerals

carbon dioxide, sulfur, light, water, and some minerals

carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, light, and some minerals

none

An F+ bacterial cell _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Uses fimbriae to transfer DNA

acts as a receptor during conjugation

has many antibiotic resistance genes

acts as a donor during conjugation

transfers DNA by way of transduction

none

In an experiment, a microbiologist put equal numbers of each of the following organisms into a flask of sterile broth, consisting mostly of sugar and a few amino acids. She then placed the flask in the dark. Which of the organisms would be most likely to survive?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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cyanobacteria

photoheterotrophs

chemoheterotrophic bacteria

thermoacidophilic bacteria

photoautotrophs