Ocular diseases and Therapeutics

primary-open-angle-glaucoma-1

Exit

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

448607

block

Location of retinal signs- match the retinal layer to its sign

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
Between ILM and posterior vitreous face (hyaloid membrane)
NFL
IPL/INL
INL - OPL
OPL
Sub retinal space (between RPE and photoreceptors
Sub-RPE (between RPE and Bruch’s)

Click and drag
Neovascularisation Pre-retinal/sub-hyaloid haemorrhage
Sub-RPE neovasc membrane Drusen
Round and blot haemorrhages
Hard exudates
Flame haemorrhage Cotton wool spots
Microaneurysms
Sub-retinal neovasc membrane

449215

none

Fill in the blanks related to the signs of Central Retinal vein Occlusion

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

retinal veins in all 4 quadrants

hemorrhages

cotton wool spots

oedema

405854

120

none

Which one of these are NOT a sign of blood vessel related diabetic retinopathy?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

its not venous constriction but venous dilation

405855

180

none

Correctly identify all types of haemorrhage which can be found in diabetic retinopathy (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

405856

240

none

looking at the image what is the diagnosis and clinical investigations available

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

405857

180

none

What are the treatment options for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

405858

180

none

Identify the blanks for the mechanism of action for anti-VEGF drugs

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

Reduces the

(treatment of choice for

causes

405859

120

none

identify the current anti-VEGF treatment options available (two answers)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

405860

240

none

Surgery for diabetic eye disease involves:

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

vitrectomy for non clearing

Vitrectomy for retinal detachment due to

Vitrectomy for persistent macular

not responding to Laser

405861

180

none

in history and symptoms what do you need to ask the patient and record about their diabetes (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

405863

180

none

match up the reason for having to know each factor in history and symptoms

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
type of diabetes
year of diagnosis
treatment
is the condition well controlled at present
Has their annual diabetic retinopathy screening been carried out? If not when is it due

Click and drag
help you decide whether the patient requires a dilated examination or a referral for DR
helps you to assess the likelihood of seeing ocular changes and helps to determine what advice to give
for type 1 this can indicate likelihood that you will see retinopathy (almost all type 1 show some DR after 15 years, 50% after 10 years)
can indicate severity and control of treatment. ocular associations show more in a type 2 patient on multiple tablets and insulin and are struggling with control
Poor control and increase likelihood of fluctuations in vision, early cataract formation and DR

405868

180

none

match the grade for the national screening programme grading for retinopathy

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
R0
R1
R2
R3A
R3S

Click and drag
proliferative (active). characteristics include neovascularisation at disc, neovascularisation elsewhere, pre-retinal/vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment. Emergency referral via HES via screening scheme for Urgent Argon laser pan-retinal photocoagulation
proliferative, stable post treatment. Stable fibrous proliferation (old new vessels) at disc, periphery or pre-retinal with laser scars. Stable R2 features + laser scars . Stable R1 features + laser scars. needs monitoring
no diabetic retinopathy, annual rescreen
pre-proliferative/ moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy. characteristics inlcude venous bleeding, multiple blot heamorrhages, Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. urgent referral to HES via screening scheme
background/mid non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. characteristics include microaneurysm, retinal haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots and venous looping. Annual Rescreen (or 6 months if multiple features)

405875

120

none

match the grade for the national screening programme grading for maculopathy

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
M0
M1

Click and drag
no maculopathy or clinically insignificant maculopathy/ macula oedema. characteristics include No M1 features OR MA or haem within 1DD of the fovea with BCVA better than 6/12 (or if the vision is worse than 6/12 a clear other cause e.g. cataract or amblyopia). annual rescreen needed
clinically significant diabetic maculopathy/ macula oedema. characteristics include • Exudate within 1DD of the centre of the fovea • Group/circinate of exudates that equate to ≥ ½ DD • Retinal thickening within 1DD of the centre of the fovea • Any MA or haem within 1DD of the fovea with BCVA of 6/12 or worse. urgent referral needed via screening scheme for Argon laser at macula and/or • Intra-vitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent e.g. Lucentis or Avastin  If macula ischaemia is present (indicated by FFA): no treatment possible

Click and drag

no maculopathy or clinically insignificant maculopathy/ macula oedema. characteristics include No M1 features OR MA or haem within 1DD of the fovea with BCVA better than 6/12 (or if the vision is worse than 6/12 a clear other cause e.g. cataract or amblyopia). annual rescreen needed

clinically significant diabetic maculopathy/ macula oedema. characteristics include • Exudate within 1DD of the centre of the fovea • Group/circinate of exudates that equate to ≥ ½ DD • Retinal thickening within 1DD of the centre of the fovea • Any MA or haem within 1DD of the fovea with BCVA of 6/12 or worse. urgent referral needed via screening scheme for Argon laser at macula and/or • Intra-vitreal injection of anti-VEGF agent e.g. Lucentis or Avastin  If macula ischaemia is present (indicated by FFA): no treatment possible

405881

180

none

match the possibilities for vision loss in diabetic retinopathy

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
none
blur in central/reading vision
Thick floaters and then misty / generalised loss of vision
loss of vision and pain

Click and drag
Proliferative DR with rubeotic glaucoma
Proliferative DR (with vitreous haemorrhage/retinal detachment)
hence why we need a screening programme
gradual onset, diabetic maculopathy

405883

180

none

correctly match the inflammatory condition of the eye and its definition

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Match the text
uveitis
endopthalmitis
panophthalmitis
vitritis
Vasculitis

Click and drag
inflammation of the retinal blood vessels
inflammatory cell infiltration of vitreous due to uveitis or endophthalmitis
inflammation of all ocular tissues except the sclera
inflammation of all ocular tissues including sclera, tenons capsule and orbital tissue
inflammation of the uveal tract

Ocular diseases and Therapeutics

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

Location of retinal signs- match the retinal layer to its sign

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Between ILM and posterior vitreous face (hyaloid membrane)

NFL

IPL/INL

INL - OPL

OPL

Sub retinal space (between RPE and photoreceptors

Sub-RPE (between RPE and Bruch’s)

Neovascularisation Pre-retinal/sub-hyaloid haemorrhage

Sub-RPE neovasc membrane Drusen

Round and blot haemorrhages

Hard exudates

Flame haemorrhage Cotton wool spots

Microaneurysms

Sub-retinal neovasc membrane

Fill in the blanks related to the signs of Central Retinal vein Occlusion

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

Which one of these are NOT a sign of blood vessel related diabetic retinopathy?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Correctly identify all types of haemorrhage which can be found in diabetic retinopathy (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

looking at the image what is the diagnosis and clinical investigations available

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

What are the treatment options for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Identify the blanks for the mechanism of action for anti-VEGF drugs

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

identify the current anti-VEGF treatment options available (two answers)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Surgery for diabetic eye disease involves:

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

in history and symptoms what do you need to ask the patient and record about their diabetes (more than one answer)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

match up the reason for having to know each factor in history and symptoms

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

type of diabetes

year of diagnosis

treatment

is the condition well controlled at present

Has their annual diabetic retinopathy screening been carried out? If not when is it due

help you decide whether the patient requires a dilated examination or a referral for DR

helps you to assess the likelihood of seeing ocular changes and helps to determine what advice to give

for type 1 this can indicate likelihood that you will see retinopathy (almost all type 1 show some DR after 15 years, 50% after 10 years)

can indicate severity and control of treatment. ocular associations show more in a type 2 patient on multiple tablets and insulin and are struggling with control

Poor control and increase likelihood of fluctuations in vision, early cataract formation and DR

match the grade for the national screening programme grading for retinopathy

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

R0

R1

R2

R3A

R3S

proliferative (active). characteristics include neovascularisation at disc, neovascularisation elsewhere, pre-retinal/vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment. Emergency referral via HES via screening scheme for Urgent Argon laser pan-retinal photocoagulation

proliferative, stable post treatment. Stable fibrous proliferation (old new vessels) at disc, periphery or pre-retinal with laser scars. Stable R2 features + laser scars . Stable R1 features + laser scars. needs monitoring

no diabetic retinopathy, annual rescreen

pre-proliferative/ moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy. characteristics inlcude venous bleeding, multiple blot heamorrhages, Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. urgent referral to HES via screening scheme

background/mid non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. characteristics include microaneurysm, retinal haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots and venous looping. Annual Rescreen (or 6 months if multiple features)

match the grade for the national screening programme grading for maculopathy

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

M0

M1

no maculopathy or clinically insignificant maculopathy/ macula oedema. characteristics include No M1 features OR MA or haem within 1DD of the fovea with BCVA better than 6/12 (or if the vision is worse than 6/12 a clear other cause e.g. cataract or amblyopia). annual rescreen needed