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block

Which of the following is the correct description of a Hypothetical syllogism?

Select the correct answer(s).  

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If p is the case then q is the case. If q is the case then r is the case. Therefore, if p is the case, then r is the case.

If p is the case then q is the case. Q is not the case. Therefore, p is not the case.

Either p or q is the case. P is not the case. Therefore, q is not the case.

If p is the case then q is the case. If r is the case then s is the case. Either p or r is the case. Therefore q or s is the case.

none

What is the best description of the method of argumentation known as deduction?

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It is the method we sue to decide the results of an argument.

It is the method we use to derive the premises from the conclusion.

It is the method we use to derive the conclusion from the premises. D

It is the method we sue to decide the strength of an argument.

none

Which of the following is most useful type of definition to support logical argumentation and sound critical reasoning?

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(0/0)

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Operational definitions, which define the specific processes by which things come to be.

Ostensive definitions, which define by giving examples of things.

Essential definitions, which define by providing both genus and species of a thing

Stipulative definitions, which define by newly employing terms already in use.

none

Thinking critically involves evaluating arguments. What are the two parts of those critical evaluations?

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. subjective and objective

deduction and induction

logic and truth

strength and validity

none

Which of the following is a correct example of a Disjunctive Syllogism or Argument?

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Roses are red and violets are blue. Roses are red (or, "Violets are blue") P & Q O or P & Q P

Is it rains, I will not mow the grass. If I do not mow the grass, the lawn will grow weeds. Therefore, if it rains, the lawn will grow weedS P -> Q Q -> R P -> R

. Roses are red. Violets are blue. Roses are red and Violets are blue P Q P & Q

Either the class meets in room 511 or 512. The class does not meet in room 511. Therefore, the class meets in room 512 P v Q ~P Q

none

Which of the following does NOT include the terms by which one can assess the clarity of an argument?

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(0/0)

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Intention and purpose

Ambiguity or accuracy

Clarity or vagueness

Precision and specificity

none

How are inductive arguments evaluated?

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By determining the strength or weakness of the premises

By judging the soundness of the structure of the premises

By assessing the validity of the structure of the argument

By assessing the clarity of the terms in the conclusion

none

What are the Latin terms and meanings of the first two "Rules" of deductive arguments?

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Modus ponens, affirming the antecedent, and Modus tollens, denying the consequent.

Modus principium, following the premise, and Modus conclusio, toward the conclusion.

Logos simplex, simple logic, and Logos diversa, pluralistic logic.

Logos rectus, correct word choice, and Logos tumultu, exact word choice.

none

What is the difference between semantic and syntactic ambiguity?

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Semantic ambiguity occurs because a difference between two meanings of a term makes no difference to the soundness of the argument, while syntactic ambiguity occurs because the difference between two meanings of a term changes the validity of the argument.

. Semantic ambiguity occurs because the person making an argument does not understand the difference between two meanings of a term, while syntactic ambiguity occurs because the person evaluating that argument does not understand the difference between two meanings of a term in the argument.

Semantic ambiguity happens when the structure allows for more than one interpretation of the meaning of a word or phrase, while syntactic ambiguity happens when there is more than one meaning of a word or phrase.

Semantic ambiguity happens when there is more than one meaning of a word or phrase, while syntactic ambiguity happens when the structure allows for more than one interpretation of the meaning of a word or phrase.

none

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of definitions used to achieve the purposes of definitions?

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(0/0)

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Ostensive

Lexical

Synonymous

Stipulative

none

Which of the following is the best description of a deductive demonstration argument?

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The premise, if true, supports the conclusion.

The conclusion, if false, makes the premise unsound.

The conclusion, if invalid, supports the negation of the premise.

The premise, if true, proves the conclusion.

none

What is the word used to label terms which demonstrate a lack of specificity in an argument?

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(0/0)

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Generality

Simplification

Despecification

Universalization

none

What makes a word or phrase vague?

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(0/0)

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We feel a cautious and tentative sensation about using a specific word or phrase.

We cannot say with certainty what that word or phrase includes and excludes.

We cannot successfully communicate a thought or feeling to another person.

We have a wandering and uncertain sense about the meaning of the word or phrase.

none

The validity of a valid deductive argument comes from:

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its form.

its premise

its soundness

. its precision.

none

Which of the following is a correct example of a Modus tollens Syllogism?

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(0/0)

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If you run to school, then you will be late to class. You ran to school. Therefore, you were late to class P -> Q P Q

. If you ran to school, then you were late to class. If you drove to school, then you were on time to class. Either you ran to school or you drove to school. Therefore, you were either late or on time to class P -> Q R -> S P v R Q v S

If you run to school, then you will be late to class. You were not late to class. Therefore, you did not run to school P -> Q ~Q ~P

You ran to school. You were late to class. You ran to school and you were late to class P Q P & Q