Pharmacology: Exam 2

pharmacology-exam-2

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Question 1 of 1

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610048

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Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for which systemic mycosis? (Select all that apply.)

Select the correct answer(s).

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Explanation

Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and mucormycosis. Voriconazole is the drug of choice for aspergillosis. Dermatophytosis infections are treated with topical azoles or with griseofulvin.

610049

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Ketoconazole is used as an alternative to amphotericin B for less severe systemic mycosis. Which are the primary reasons for choosing ketoconazole? (Select all that apply.)

Select the correct answer(s).

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Explanation

Ketoconazole is given instead of amphotericin B because it is less toxic and can be administered orally. Amphotericin B is administered intravenously. Ketoconazole is hepatotoxic; it is given daily. Ketoconazole is less useful for severe, acute infections.

610050

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has a superficial fungal infection and notes that the provider has ordered 200 mg of ketoconazole [Nizoral] 200 mg PO once daily. Which action by the nurse is correct?

Select the correct answer(s).

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Explanation

Because of the risk of serious and potentially fatal hepatic necrosis with oral ketoconazole, it is not recommended for use in treating superficial fungal infections. Another antifungal medication should be ordered.

610052

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A child has ringworm of the scalp. A culture of the lesion reveals a dermatophytic infection. The nurse teaching the child’s parents about how to treat this infection will include which statement?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Tinea capitis is difficult to treat with topical medications; oral griseofulvin, taken for 6 to 8 weeks, is standard therapy. Itching, burning, and erythema are side effects of topical agents. Patients treating tinea corporis, tinea cruris, or tinea pedis are taught to apply medication until 7 days after the rash disappears. Antifungal shampoos are not effective for treating tinea capitis.

610053

none

Which superficial mycosis is generally treated with oral antifungal agents?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Tinea capitis must be treated with oral agents for 6 to 8 weeks. Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis may be treated topically.

610055

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A patient will begin taking an immunosuppressant medication. The nurse learns that the patient has a history of frequent candidal infections. The nurse will expect the provider to order which drug as prophylaxis?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Posaconazole is used as prophylaxis for invasive Aspergillus and Candida infections in immunocompromised patients. Fluconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole are not used prophylactically.

610056

none

The nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B intravenously. The nurse will expect to pretreat the patient with which medications?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Optimum pretreatment before the administration of amphotericin B comprises acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, and meperidine (for rigors). Motrin is not suggested as pretreatment. Aspirin is an option, but it may increase kidney damage. Morphine is not indicated in the pretreatment regimen.

610057

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A patient who is taking ketoconazole tells the nurse that her periods have become irregular. What will the nurse tell her?

Select the correct answer(s).

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Explanation

Ketoconazole inhibits steroid synthesis in humans, and in females it reduces estradiol synthesis, causing menstrual irregularities. It is not an indication that oral contraceptive pills

610060

none

A patient has an invasive aspergillosis infection. Which antifungal agent is the drug of choice for this infection?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Voriconazole has replaced amphotericin B as the drug of choice for treating invasive aspergillosis. Fluconazole, which is fungistatic, is not used to treat aspergillosis. Posaconazole is used for prophylaxis of aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.

610061

none

A patient has a systemic candidal infection, and the provider has ordered oral fluconazole [Diflucan] 400 mg on day 1 and 200 mg once daily thereafter. What will the nurse do?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

The dosing for fluconazole for systemic candidal infections is 400 mg on the first day and 200 mg/day each day thereafter. Dosing for oral or esophageal candidal infections is half that for systemic infections. It is not correct to give 400 mg on all days of therapy. Fluconazole is as effective when given orally as it is when given intravenously.

610062

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A patient with histoplasmosis is being treated with itraconazole [Sporanox]. The nurse will teach this patient to report which symptoms?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Itraconazole is associated with rare cases of liver failure, some of which were fatal. Patients should be instructed to reports signs of liver toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Ketoconazole is associated with gynecomastia and libido changes. Headache and rash are associated with fluconazole. Visual disturbances may occur with voriconazole.

610063

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A patient with a history of congestive heart failure and renal impairment has esophageal candidiasis. Which antifungal agent would the nurse anticipate giving to this patient?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Fluconazole is a drug of choice for treating systemic candidal infections. Amphotericin is nephrotoxic and should not be used in patients with existing renal disease. Itraconazole is a possible alternative agent for treating candidiasis but has serious cardiac side effects. Voriconazole is a drug of first choice for treating aspergillosis but not for candidiasis.

610064

none

A nursing student asks a nurse to explain the differences between amphotericin B [Abelcet] and the azoles group of antifungal agents. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

The azoles class of antifungals is less toxic than amphotericin B. Amphotericin B may only be given parenterally. The azoles, not amphotericin B, inhibit hepatic P450 drug-metabolizing enzymes, so they increase the levels of many other drugs. Both classes are broad-spectrum antifungal agents.

610065

none

A patient has come to the clinic with tinea corporis, and the prescriber has ordered clotrimazole. When educating the patient about this medication, the nurse will include which statement?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

The nurse should advise the patient to continue therapy for at least 1 week after the symptoms have cleared up. The medication should be applied only to affected areas. Sun exposure will not delay the effects of clotrimazole. The drug must be applied twice daily for several weeks.

610066

none

A nurse is discussing intravenous amphotericin B treatment with a nursing student who is about to care for a patient with a systemic fungal infection. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Infusions of amphotericin B should be given over 2 to 4 hours to minimize phlebitis and cardiovascular reactions; therefore, 1 to 2 hours is incorrect. Test doses are given to evaluate the patient’s response. Any precipitate in the IV solution warrants immediate discontinuation of the IV. IV sites should be rotated frequently.

Pharmacology: Exam 2

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

Amphotericin B is the drug of choice for which systemic mycosis? (Select all that apply.)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Ketoconazole is used as an alternative to amphotericin B for less severe systemic mycosis. Which are the primary reasons for choosing ketoconazole? (Select all that apply.)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a superficial fungal infection and notes that the provider has ordered 200 mg of ketoconazole [Nizoral] 200 mg PO once daily. Which action by the nurse is correct?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A child has ringworm of the scalp. A culture of the lesion reveals a dermatophytic infection. The nurse teaching the child’s parents about how to treat this infection will include which statement?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

Which superficial mycosis is generally treated with oral antifungal agents?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient will begin taking an immunosuppressant medication. The nurse learns that the patient has a history of frequent candidal infections. The nurse will expect the provider to order which drug as prophylaxis?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer amphotericin B intravenously. The nurse will expect to pretreat the patient with which medications?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient who is taking ketoconazole tells the nurse that her periods have become irregular. What will the nurse tell her?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient has an invasive aspergillosis infection. Which antifungal agent is the drug of choice for this infection?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient has a systemic candidal infection, and the provider has ordered oral fluconazole [Diflucan] 400 mg on day 1 and 200 mg once daily thereafter. What will the nurse do?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient with histoplasmosis is being treated with itraconazole [Sporanox]. The nurse will teach this patient to report which symptoms?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient with a history of congestive heart failure and renal impairment has esophageal candidiasis. Which antifungal agent would the nurse anticipate giving to this patient?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A nursing student asks a nurse to explain the differences between amphotericin B [Abelcet] and the azoles group of antifungal agents. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A patient has come to the clinic with tinea corporis, and the prescriber has ordered clotrimazole. When educating the patient about this medication, the nurse will include which statement?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

A nurse is discussing intravenous amphotericin B treatment with a nursing student who is about to care for a patient with a systemic fungal infection. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Explanation

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