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block

19408 – The most important buffer base in the extracellular fluid is 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

D. haemoglobin

B. phosphate

A. plasma protein

C. bicarbonate 

E. lactate 

none

19006 – Serum hyperosmolality is LEAST likely to occur as a possible complication early in the course of 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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A. a severe body burn

B. acute oliguric renal failure 

D. total parenteral nutrition

C. hyperpyrexia

E. hyperglycaemia 

none

19653 – Derangements of body fluid and electrolytes characteristic of gastric outlet obstruction are 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

D. HCO3 37 mmol/l, K 2.8 mmol/l Cl 71 mmol/l Na 135 mmol/l 

B. HCO3 10 mmol/l, K 2.5 mmol/l Cl 112 mmol/l Na 140 mmol/l

C. HCO3 35 mmol/l, K 3.0 mmol/l Cl 152 mmol/l Na 120 mmol/l

E. HCO3 27 mmol/l, K 3.0 mmol/l Cl 164 mmol/l Na 140 mmol/l 

A. HCO3 18 mmol/l, K 4.5 mmol/l Cl 101 mmol/l Na 135 mmol/l

none

12596 – S:Cl-levels in the interstitial fluid are higher than in the blood plasma because R:capillary membranes are not freely permeable to protein anions 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

S is true and R is false

S is false and R is true

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S 

S is true, R is true but not a valid explanation of S

Both S and R are false 

none

9886, 20739 – S. Tetany results from plasma proteins binding more calcium during hyperventilation BECAUSE R. plasma proteins are less ionized at higher pH 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

S is true and R is false 

S is false and R is true

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S

S is true, R is true but not a valid explanation of S 

Both S and R are false

none

21713 – Total body water 3: is calculated using Deuterium oxide dilution 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

False

True

none

19300 – Under basal conditions, the route of greatest water loss is via the 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

E. salivary glands 

A. skin

C. kidney 

B. lung

D. gastrointestinal tract

none

21713 – Total body water 2: is a greater percentage of body weight in men than women 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

True

False

none

18280 – Concerning daily fluid and electrolyte balance in adults, which one of the following statements is most correct? 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

D. Average fluid intake varies between 2000 and 3000 ml 

C. About 500 ml is normally lost in the stool

A. The minimal obligatory urinary loss is 1000 ml

E. Urinary losses of potassium exceed those of sodium 

B. Insensible losses normally total about 200 ml

none

23174 – The total body water expressed as a percentage of body weight is 1: unaffected by obesity 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

False

True

none

20133 – S. The electrolyte concentration of the plasma is greater than the electrolyte concentration of the interstitial fluid BECAUSE R. plasma proteins are negatively charged 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Both S and R are false 

S is true and R is false

S is true, R is true but not a valid explanation of S

S is false and R is true

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S 

none

25704 – Hyponatraemia 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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D. in association with a high urine sodium is likely in nephrotic syndrome

E. when associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) results in decreased ECF volume 

C. is best treated by sodium chloride infusion if the patient has normal renal function

A. may appear to be present if the blood sample is taken from a patient with frank lipaemia 

B. is associated with sodium depletion rather than water overload

none

21713 – Total body water 1: is used to calculate intracellular fluid volume 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

False

True

none

21713 – Total body water 4: increases with age 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

False

True

none

18964 – To correct metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting, the best initial replacement solution is 

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

C. potassium chloride

A. sodium chloride 

E. ammonium lactate 

D. sodium lactate

B. calcium chloride