Part 2 Planning 2: Fundamentals of Urban Design and Community Architecture

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prominent visual features of city, some are very large and are sen at great distances. some are very small and can only be seen up close (ex. small statue) help in orienting peps in city and help identify an area should be distinct but in harmony wih other elements in setting distinct visual obj

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landmarks

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city is composed of component neighborhoods or districts its center, uptown, midtown, its in town residential areas , trainyards, factory areas, suburbs, college campuses. distinct in form and extent ex. wall street area of manhattan considerable mixed in character and do not have distinct imits like midtown of manhattan

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district

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wherein streets squares parks playgrounds and gardens are all voids that have been limited or defined to create an enclosed space (looking at urban space from perspective of individuals and groups) -material space with its social and psychological dimensions -look at political economy -trace process of dev't (physical geometry w/ social, symbolic geometries & relate world of artefacts with world of peps) -stems from trad of urban arki and urban morphology which have developed the idea of historicity of urban fabric -dev't process and urban form are both outcomes of and contributors to production and reproduction of social systems

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urban space

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-total separation of vehicles and pedestrians can be harmful to dev't of lively and active street -separation of high speed traffic movement from pedestrian traffic is obviously necessary -empty streets can lead to public domain being donated to the thug, mugger and rapist -proper balance is required bet privacy, defensib;e space, acces for the car and safe pedestrian use of street.

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design, planning of street

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1. configuration, shape or form of street (no detailed consideration) 2. can be analyzed in terns of number of polar qualities (straight/curved) 3. can be alanyzed in terms of scale, proportion, contrast, rhythm, connections to other streets and squares 4. 2 main characteristics of form - man chooses and vreates paths which gives his existential space a more particular structure -a journet along a path which leads him in a direction determined by his purpose and his imahe of env -path represenets a basic property of human existence 5. sense of place in street design is best achieved if spatial volume defined by frontage is perceived as positive form 6. street is a space about which dwellings are grouped to form series of street pictures /expanded (ex. closes/squares) 7. if a street or a section of street is to possess the quality of enclosure then it must be considered to have 3 main elements an entrance, place itself, termination of exit

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form of street

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ratio of width of street to height of enclosing buildings is critical for good street design

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street proportion

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take advantage of scenic opportunities tat exist w/in any metropolitan area, it may be visually transformed into a place of wonder and delight

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view and viewing

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street of city are lines of concentrated activity where ways and places are combined and where life and movement intensified

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streets and highways

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old tradition, man has built his structures along public streets which have afforded access, address, some degree protection. Conditions have changed, public streets have become massive

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people, street, buildings

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-discernable center and edge -public space at center -importance of quality public realm

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traditional neighborhood structure

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-allows communities to articulate their aspirations, needs, priorities -compelling shared vision attracts partners, money and creative solutions -professionals become resources to communities -design is a tool to support the desired uses -solutions are flexible and build on existing successes -commitment grows as citizens are empowered to actively shape their public realm

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place/ community driven approach

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