The occupancy hazards presented by manufacturing risks tend to be similar regardless of the product being manufactured.

The occupancy hazards presented by habitational risks are typically reduced when someone other than the owner of the building is responsible for building maintenance.

Mercantile occupancies such as clothing stores and grocery stores are subject to large loss to stock from relatively small fires.

Office occupancies usually contain materials that are highly susceptible to damage and present a relatively high-hazard occupancy exposure.

Dry pipe sprinkler system

Wet pipe sprinkler system

Pre-action sprinkler system

Deluge sprinkler system

Severe loss to the contents of a building is an underwriting concern only for large fires that are difficult to extinguish.

The office occupancy category is a high hazard category due to the extreme combustibility of contents.

An insured's management practices can do little to improve the acceptability of an account with significant occupancy hazards.

Electrical equipment is a source of common hazards that exists in almost all business occupancies.

An insured's practices in controlling its hazards does not make a significant difference in the acceptability of an account with combustible contents.

Mercantile occupancies are generally low-hazard occupancies with limited risk of significant loss.

Office occupancy is considered relatively high-hazard when compared to other types of occupancy.

The loss potential of a particular occupancy can be evaluated by examining the contents' ignition sources combustibility and susceptibility.

Fire-resistive construction

Masonry noncombustible construction

Modified fire-resistive construction

Joisted masonry construction

The PPC rating of 9 indicates that the property is located close to an adequate water supply for the purposes of fire suppression.

From an occupancy standpoint this building risk does not present a significant hazard.

The fire resistive construction of this building is the best type of construction to prevent damage from most causes of loss.

From an external loss exposure standpoint this building risk presents a significant hazard.

The noncombustible construction of this property means that this building is fire resistive and much safer than joisted masonry or frame construction.

The external loss exposures presented to JSP require no special consideration due to the construction type and the end unit location within the mall.

The PPC of 2 indicates that the public fire service should provide at least adequate public protection from fire loss.

The nature of JSP's business makes this a relatively high-hazard risk from an occupancy standpoint.

Adequate limits of insurance on new business ensure ongoing insurance to value.

The coinsurance clause in a property policy encourages insurance to value through premium discounts.

Insurers benefit from insurance to value because it promotes higher limits of property insurance.

The insurable value of a building is the same as the building's book value.

The most common interest in property comes from outright ownership.

No more than one entity may have an insurable interest in a given property at a given point in time.

An insured's recovery is limited to the amount of its insurable interest at the time the insurance is purchased.

Insurable interest is the primary policy provision that determines the amount paid.

Recognize the effects of depreciation on the property's value.

Generate premiums that properly reflect loss exposures.

Reflect the market value of the property.

Eliminate the coinsurance classes.

Having adequate limits of insurance on new business ensures ongoing insurance to value.

Most property losses are total losses so insurance to value is needed to cover most losses.

Insisting on insurance to value can damage an insurer's competitive position in the market.

It is preferable to insure to value with rates that reflect the loss exposure than to underinsure property at inflated rates.

The amount subject to a single loss at a location is consistent for all causes of loss to which the location is exposed.

The amount of insurance carried on a property location is the most useful figure for determining potential loss severity.

The amount subject for a location as estimated by any two underwriters with a common employer should be consistent.

The amount subject should be determined separately for each policy an insurer writes within a single fire division.

Calculated excluding the effects of building features that impede the vertical spread of fire.

The loss expected under normal operating conditions with all fire protection services working.

The amount of insurance carried on the location.

The underwriter's estimate of the largest loss likely to occur.

Underwriters often use the expression "within four walls" to explain the concept of amount subject.

The PML is the underwriter's estimate of the largest loss likely to occur with all fire protection services working.

The amount subject is determined through a precise calculation of the boundaries of a fire division.

Insurer underwriting guidelines are fairly consistent on how to calculate PML for a location.

The size of any business income loss that TBSS could suffer is directly related to the size of the direct damage loss.

The use of college students to staff the shop creates a bottleneck exposure.

The amount of time required to rebuild the shop does not affect the business income loss exposure.

TBSS could suffer a severe business income loss from a relatively short shutdown.