Generate formation of ketone bodies

Create necessary branched chain amino acids to stimulate hyperosmolar syndrome

Achieve anabolism

Achieve catabolism

Intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH), hyperal, or hypodermoclysis

Hyperalimentation, hypodermoclysis, or intravenous hyperalimentation

Hyperal, hyperalimentation, or intravenous hyperalimentation

Hypodermoclysis, hyperalimentation

Renal failure, prolonged ileus, and gastrocutaneous fistulas

Coma, citrate toxicity, and bowel surgery

Hepatic failure, hypermetabolic states, and malabsorption of enteral therapy

Filtration, multiple trauma, and conditions requiring bowel rest

Fructose

Dextrose

Invert sugar

Lactose

Casein amino acids

Immunoglobulins

Free amino acids

Alpha globulins

Electrolytes, trace elements, and vitamins

Antifungal agents, electrolytes, and vitamins

Citrate preservative, electrolytes, and vitamins

Electrolytes, antihistamine antagonists, and vitamins

Selenium

50% dextrose

Branched chain amino acids

Lipids

Lipids, dextrose, and amino acids

Lipids, electrolytes, and amino acids

Lipids, vitamins, and trace elements

Lipids, heparin, and electrolytes

Standard dextrose concentration is usually 20%

Used for therapies of 6 to 12 weeks

Crystalline amino acids used are within the 2-5% range

Designed for acutely stressed patients

It is useful for long-term therapy

Lipid administration is done only IVPB

The 1800-2000 mOsm/kg concentration range frequently causes phlebitis

It is indicated for patients with low calorie and nutrient needs

12-18

8-12

6-10

2-4

They may be infused by gravity flow

Initial infusions should begin slowly with incremental increases until desired infusion rate is achieved.

Flow rate adjustments are necessary to compensate for past increases or decreases

Weaning is not required when therapy is discontinued

Hyperosmolar syndrome

Essential fatty acid deficiency

Hypoglycemia

Hyperlipidemia

Fibrin sheath formation

Intrinsic contamination of nutrient solution

Migration of microorganisms along the catheter

Seeding from other infection source in the body

q 24 hrs

q 72 hrs

With each container of fluid

q 48 hrs