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Which is true ?

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Linguists now recognize that creole formation is a Universal phenomenon

All the above are true

This phenomenon is an important aspect of language evolution

This phenomenon is not limited to the European colonial period

none

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A Creole is believed to arise when a pigeon becomes the native and primary language of children concerned

creoles have generally been regarded as dialects of their parent languages

All the creoles that arose in the European colonies are still alive

Many of the creoles known today arose in the last 500 years, as a result of the worldwide expansion of trade in the age of Discovery

none

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Pidgins can be changed and do not follow a specific order

Pidgins allow people to communicate with each other without having any similarities in language

A Pidgin does not have any rules, as long as both parties are able to understand each other

Pidgins have great Prestige with respect to other languages

none

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It was originally used to describe Chinese pidgin English

All are true

The term jargon has also been used to describe pidgins

The word pidgin was formerly also spelled pigeon

Jargon is used to denote a particularly rudimentary type pidgin

none

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Pigin first appeared in print in 1850

The origin of the word pidgin is uncertain

each pidgin has its own norms of usage which must be learned for proficiency in the pidgin

All simplified forms of a language are pidgins

none

Which is true ? what has improved the status of creoles as living languages and as object of linguistics studies ?

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None of these

Political and economic changes in recent decades

Economic and social change

none

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All the above are true

Pigeons are believed to be necessary precedents of creoles

A Creole is a stable natural language developed from the mixture of parent languages

A creole is nativised by children as their primary language

none

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creole gets official status easily

None of the above

A Creole is a foreign language

A creole is a native language

none

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A pidgin is learned as a second language

A pidgin is not a native language of any speech community

All the above are true

A pidgin is a simplified means of communication as it is constructed impromtu (without preparation and arrangements) or buy convention between individuals or groups of people

A pidgin may be built from words, sound,s or body language from other languages and cultures

none

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These languages are different from the languages of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups

All the above are true

These groups do not have a common language

Pidgin language is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups

none

Which is true ? Indian ocean creole languages are based on -

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European languages with elements from malagasy and other Asian languages

Non European languages

European languages with elements from African and Amerind languages

none

When a pigeon, developed by adults for use as a second language, becomes the narrative and primary language of their children, the process is called

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(0/0)

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Colonization

nativization

creolization

none

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Creole and pidgin are not stable languages

Creole English and pigeon English have traditionally been used chiefly by less prosperous and privileged sections of a community

Creole English has been used by rich and educated people

none

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The vocabulary of a creole language comes from the dominant group and the grammar from the subordinate group

All the above are true

There are often clear phonetic and semantic changes between the vocabulary of the parent language and the creole language

The vocabulary of a creole language consists of cognates from the parent languages

none

The English term creoles comes from -

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The Specific sense of the term was coined in the 16th and 17th century, during the great expansion in European Maritime power and trade that led to the establishment of European colonies in other continents

Most of the European based creol languages arose in the equatorial belt and in areas with access to the oceans

French creole, which is cognate with the Spanish term criollo and Portuguese crioulo.

All the above are true