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block

Neurotoxins, Enterotoxins and Superantigens are generally part of which group of substances?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.35 Describe the nature of endotoxins and exotoxins

---

Endotoxins

Exotoxins

Toxins

Inflammatory factors

Interleukins

none

What percentage of adverse drugs reactions are thought to be avoidable?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CPTP 3.9 Define an adverse drug reaction & other adverse outcomes of drug therapy

---

25%

70%

100%

50%

90%

none

The condition where circulating IgG or IgM is formed against the patients own blood cells. Binding results in either intravascular haemolysis (IgM) or extravascular haemolysis in the spleen (IgG).

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia

---

APECED

HLA

AIHA

AIRE

IPEX

none

Fistula, granuloma, persistent abscesses and epithelial sinuses are all features of what?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.49 Describe the main features of chronic inflammation.

---

Acute inflammation

Chemotaxis

Autoimmune disease

Chronic inflammation

CNS disease

none

You are working in an oncology clinicl and are assessing a patients results from the pathology lab. They are as follows: Tumour is 75mm in diameter, with some tethering. No evidence of lymph node spread and no distant metastases. What would your staging be on the TNM scale?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.7 Describe the clinical features, the main types and the routes of spread of breast cancer

---

T2, N2, M1

T3, N0, M0

T3, N1, M1

T4, N0, M0

T2, N0, M0

none

A toxin secreted by a living bacterial cell into its surroundings is known as...

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.35 Describe the nature of endotoxins and exotoxins

---

Interleukin

Endotoxin

Inflammatory factor

Bacteriophage

Exotoxin

none

Select the two criteria from below that categorise something as Sepsis

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Evidence of infection

High heart rate

Organ Dysfunction

SIRS

Hypotension

none

"The ratio of the minimal effective dose of a chemotherapeutic agent to the maximal tolerated dose". Originally used by Ehrlich to express the relative toxicity of a chemotherapeutic agent to a parasite and to its host, what is this a definition of?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CPTP 3.10 Describe the major pharmacokinetic characteristics which affect the clinical use of drugs used to treat HIV infection

---

Therapeutic Index

Chemotherpeutic Index

Phamacological Index

Antiviral Index

Doseage Index

none

Mutation of which gene in breast cancer is likely to cause the over expression of membrane-related proteins, has a poor prognosis, and is responsible for around 20% of invasive breast carcinomas?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.7 Describe the clinical features, the main types and the routes of spread of breast cancer

---

P53

BRCA2

BC1

HER-2

BRCA1

none

"A response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modifications of physiological function". What is this a description of?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CPTP 3.9 Define an adverse drug reaction & other adverse outcomes of drug therapy

---

Overdose

Adverse Drug Reaction

Pharmaconegativity

Side Effect

Adverse Event

none

Solitary cysts, fibrocystic disease, periductal mastitis are all examples of what?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Male breast disease

Breast neoplasia

Benign breast disease

Breast cancer

Lymphoma

none

Which of the following is not a clinical feature associated with chronic inflammation?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.49 Describe the main features of chronic inflammation. Raised BP is not necessarily going to be present. The others are definite features of chronic inflammation

---

Raised BP

Swinging fever

Lymphadenopathy

Raised ESR, CRP and WBCs

Malaise

none

Which microscopic feature would you not expect to see in chronic inflammation?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.49 Describe the main features of chronic inflammation.

---

Inflammatory exudate with lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, neutrophils.

Granulomas containing histiocytes

Tissue destruction with holes (necrosis too)

Ongoing repair, presence of granulation tissue and fibrosis

Neurone atrophy and Wallerian Degeneration of axons in places

none

Select the virulence factors that make non-typeable Haemophilus Influenzae highly pathogenic in the wrong place (5 answers)

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CSIM 1.32 Describe why some bacterial species (Haemophilus Influenzae) are more pathogenic than others

---

It can bind to mucus

Secretes its own encapsulating fibrin shell to prevent detection

Survive inside mononuclear phagocytes and epithelial cells and invade lung parenchyma

Can evade mucosal immunity via IgA proteases, makes micro colony formation, has phase variation/antigenic drift.

Can migrate using sophisticated flagellae

It can inhibit ciliary function and kill ciliary cells

It can attach to respiratory mucosa via ahdesins, pilli, Hia/Hap proteins

none

In HIV treatment, NRTIs (such as Didanosine) and NNRTIs (such as Efavirenz and Nevirapine) attack which part of the viral life cycle?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

Explanation

CPTP 3.10 Describe the major pharmacokinetic characteristics which affect the clinical use of drugs used to treat HIV infection

---

Binding and fusion

Reverse transcription

Transcription

Integration

Budding