Unilateral, Positive Scotoma, Metamorphopsia, Micropsia, Painless

Bilateral, peripheral scotoma, metamorphopsia, macropsia, painful

Wet Age-Related Macula Degeneration

Myopic Maculoptathy

Central Serous Retinopathy

Epiretinal Membrane

Cystoid Macula Oedema

Rate of filtration of fluid from the choriocapillaries into surrounding tissues should always be balanced with rate of removal of fluid by RPE. Disruption to this balance leads to fluid accumulation-often in cystoid spaces

Rate of filtration of fluid from the retinal capillaries into surrouding tissues should always be balanced with rate of removal of fluid by RPE. When the balance is disrupted fluid can accumulate often in RPE

Rate of filtration of fluid from the retinal capillaries into surrouding tissues should always be balanced with rate of removal of fluid by RPE. When the balance remains the same fluid can accumulate often in RPE

Rate of filtration of fluid from the retinal capillaries into surrounding tissues should always be balanced with rate of removal of fluid by RPE. When the balance remains the same fluid can accumulate often in cystoid spaces

Rate of filtration of fluid from the retinal capillaries into surrounding tissues should always be balanced with rate of removal of fluid by RPE. Disruption to this balance leads to fluid accumulation-often in cystoid spaces

Impaired peripheral vision in one eye, painless, over 70 years of age, low risk of involement of second eye at 5 years

Impaired vision in one eye, painless, over 60 years of age, 10% risk of involvement of the second eye at 5 years

Emergency Referral for surgery if stage 2 or worse holes present, with VA <6/9. Urgent referral for stage 1 holes

Emergency referral if stage 2 or worse with VA<6/36. Surgery considered. Urgent referral if stage 1 holes

Urgent referral if stage 2 or worse with VA <6/9. Surgery only considered if less than 12 months old. Monitor routine referral if stage 1 holes

Urgent referral if stage 2 or worse with VA<6/36. Surgery considered. routine referral if stage 1 holes

Urgent referral for stage 1 hole with VA <6/9 for diagnosis and for surgery options to be explored

3rd-4th decade

typically effects males

leakage of fluid from the arterioles through hypermeable rpe defects

breakdown of pumping mechanism of fluid out of the sub-retinal space

Idiopathic