Influential book was the first detailed, empirical attempt to describe the extent of the human transformation of nature. He blamed human ignorance for disturbing the harmonies of nature

Rachel Carson Silent Spring. DDT

The Stockholm Conference, the establishment of UN Environment Program (UNEP)

Southern NGOs 1970s onwards

Nature conservation has had a profound influence - hunting regs, national parks, displacement of people lead to a general concern of the environment Adams

Formed to promote conservation on a scientific world wide basis

Science of ecology appeared in Europe and N America towards end of 19C. Ideas of ecological limits, population ecology, over exploitation of resources and sustainable yields

Ecology and fish stocks and forestry management. Concept of maximum sustainable yield

Apollo8 Spaceship earth, Major study results of a computer simulation 1972. Predicted within 100 years acrrying capacity of the Earth would be exceeded if trends in pop growth, foos production, resource use and pollution continued. Ignored the potential for technological innovations to catylsie changes

Defined by natural resources available (sources) and by the capacity of the environment to absorb pollution (sinks)

Neo-Malthusian theories

That it is objectionable to talk about biodiversity loss and nature conservation whilst ignoring the 'greatest polluters' - poverty and need Adams

Population will grow faster than food supply resulting in periodic famines etc

Rise of popular environmental groups