Ethics & Social Science

ethics-social-science

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Question 1 of 1

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Ivory Tower

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The ‘ivory tower’ regime: generous

of basic research,

strings attached, ‘peer review’ =

control.

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The ‘agora’ regime

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The ‘agora’ regime:

of research. increased public

and social (ethical)

of scientists.

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The ivory tower: science for science’s sake?

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Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). Four basic norms or values:

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Match the Text
1
2
3
4

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Communism
Disinterestedness
Universalism
Organised Scepticism

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The ivory tower: patenting

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The ivory tower

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Publish
Contributions exchanged
No patenting
Fraud and deceit

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of findings
for recognition
are extremely rare
or perish

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The Agora Regime

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‘Agora’ = public open space used for

and

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Consequences commercialisation

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Patents may

research. Scientific ethos

Secrecy and less

Loss of credibility and

Conflicts of

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A perspective on argumentation

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Argumentation: A dialogue in which parties attempt to resolve their

by testing the acceptability of the disputed positions. The parties (proponents and opponents) are bound to rules of

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Fallacy

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narrow definition:
broad definition:

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‘wrong’ move in argumentation game
logically invalid argument

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Arguments

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Argumentum ad hominem
Argumentum ad verecundiam
Begging the question
Straw-man
Inflating or denying
Avoiding and shifting
The slippery slope

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circular reasoning
appeal to authority
Playing the man rather than the ball
“Eating Ben & Jerry’s icecream will cause you to put on weight. Putting on weight will make you overweight. Soon you will weigh 350 pounds and die of heart disease. Eating Ben & Jerry’s icecream leads to death. Don’t even try it!”
an unexpressed argument
Person A: “I don’t think children should run into busy streets.” Person B: “I think it would be foolish to lock up children all day with no fresh air.”
the burden of proof

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Consider the following dialogue: Jehovah’s witness: “God exists!” Journalist: “How do you know?” Jehovah’s witness: “The Bible says so.” Journalist: “How do you know what the Bible says is true?” Jehovah’s witness: “Because the Bible is truly the word of God!” The argument of the Jehovah’s witness is an example of:

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“Cloning is the opening wedge for a series of new technologies that will ultimately lead to designer babies [...]. If we get used to cloning in the near term, it will be much harder to oppose germ-line engineering for enhancement purposes in the future.”

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Greenpeace activist: “We should not admit genetically modified crops, because they pose serious environmental hazards.” Biotech company director: “Our valuable products offer a lot of advantages to farmers and consumers. Can you prove that GM crops are harmful to the environment?” Greenpeace activist: “We think it is up to the companies that want to release these dangerous products into our natural environment to prove beyond doubt that they pose no inadvertent risks.” The argument of the Greenpeace activist is an example of:

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Ethics & Social Science

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

Ivory Tower

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

The ‘agora’ regime

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

The ivory tower: science for science’s sake?

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). Four basic norms or values:

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

1

2

3

4

Communism

Disinterestedness

Universalism

Organised Scepticism

The ivory tower: patenting

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

The ivory tower

Match the text (click and drag)

(0/0)

Publish

Contributions exchanged

No patenting

Fraud and deceit

of findings

for recognition

are extremely rare

or perish

The Agora Regime

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

Consequences commercialisation

Fill in the blanks

(0/0)

A perspective on argumentation

Fill in the blanks

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Fallacy

Match the text (click and drag)

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narrow definition:

broad definition:

‘wrong’ move in argumentation game

logically invalid argument

Arguments

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Argumentum ad hominem

Argumentum ad verecundiam

Begging the question

Straw-man

Inflating or denying

Avoiding and shifting

The slippery slope

circular reasoning

appeal to authority

Playing the man rather than the ball

“Eating Ben & Jerry’s icecream will cause you to put on weight. Putting on weight will make you overweight. Soon you will weigh 350 pounds and die of heart disease. Eating Ben & Jerry’s icecream leads to death. Don’t even try it!”

an unexpressed argument

Person A: “I don’t think children should run into busy streets.” Person B: “I think it would be foolish to lock up children all day with no fresh air.”

the burden of proof

Select the correct answer(s).

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“Cloning is the opening wedge for a series of new technologies that will ultimately lead to designer babies [...]. If we get used to cloning in the near term, it will be much harder to oppose germ-line engineering for enhancement purposes in the future.”

Select the correct answer(s).

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Select the correct answer(s).

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“If she’s Brazilian, then she speaks Portuguese. Hey, she does speak Portuguese. So, she is Brazilian.”

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