Increased body mass index (BMI)

Smoking

increased age

Male gender

Fecal incontinence

only.

with urethral bulking injection.

with Burch colposuspension.

with Burch only if occult stress incontinence is noted.

followed by urodynamics if de novo stress incontinence develops postoperatively.

stage 2 prolapse.

no prolapse.

stage 3 prolapse.

stage 1 prolapse.

stage 4 prolapse.

Intravenous indigo carmine

Simultaneous oral pyridium and intravenous indigo carmine

Intravesical indigo carmine

Simultaneous oral pyridium and intravesical indigo carmine

Oral pyridium

a smaller caliber urethral catheter.

the prolapse reduced and the urethral catheter removed.

both the rectal and urethral catheters removed.

the urethral catheter removed.

the prolapse reduced.

includes a simplified five-level staging system that does not require listing each of the points specifically.

includes measurement of the total vaginal length performed without reduction of the prolapse.

was created in an effort to quantify pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.

is a simple six-point quantification system for pelvic prolapse.

includes six specific points of position measurement in relation to the introitus.

dysfunction in the cauda equina.

problem with technique in assessing for the BCR.

positive bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR).

normal finding in 30% of normal females.

disruption at the level of sacral nerve roots 2-4.

all slings and pelvic prolapse repairs.

transabdominal prolapse repairs only.

transvaginal prolapse repairs only.

slings only.

all prolapse repairs.

repeat a trial of antimuscarinic therapy.

alpha-blocker therapy.

combination of antimuscarinic and beta-3 agonist therapy.

beta-3 agonist therapy.

behavioral therapy, including dietary modification, fluid management, and bladder training.

detrusor leak point pressure.

detrusor-sphincter coordination.

bladder outlet obstruction.

detrusor compliance.

abdominal leak point pressure.

is the most accurate diagnostic tool available for the evaluation of incontinence.

is not helpful in determining if a patient is at risk of developing upper tract deterioration.

all of the above.

includes three directly measured values: detrusor pressure (Pdet), vesical pressure (Pves), and abdominal pressure (Pabd).

should be used in all patients with incontinence.

All of the above

In patients in whom conservative measures have failed

In patients in whom the symptoms cannot be confirmed by the clinician

In patients in whom the clinical picture is unclear

In patients who have undergone previous pelvic floor reconstruction

be silent with BCR.

be performed on all patients undergoing urodynamics.

be active during the voiding phase.

be active during coughing.

demonstrate recruitment during the filling phase.