if unifocal, PIN is not associated with an increased risk of cancer on rebiopsy.

PIN shares some of the molecular findings with prostatic adenocarcinoma.

PIN does not by itself give rise to elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.

glands are architecturally benign.

PIN is the same as intraductal carcinoma.

pt2x refers to prostatectomy specimens with intraprostatic incision.

pT1c can be assigned to radical prostatectomy specimens.

Microscopic bladder neck muscle invasion is pT3b.

The difference between T1a and T1b is based on perineural and/or vascular invasion.

pT2c by definition represents more advanced cancer than pt2a.

Transition zone carcinomas extend out of the prostate at smaller volumes than peripheral zone cancers.

Posterior/posterolateral in 85% of T1c cases

The number of involved chips distinguishes stages T1a and T1b.

Tumor volume in an independent predictor of prognosis, factoring in other pathological variables at radical prostatectomy.

Multifocal in 30% of cases

on needle biopsy, it sums the most common and highest patterns.

Gleason score 6 cancers do not have the ability to metastasize.

it factors in cytology as well as glandular architecture.

on radical prostatectomy, it sums the most common and second most common patterns.

Gleason score 6 is for the most part the lowest score assigned on biopsy.

2-4; 5-6; 3 + 4; 4 + 3; 8, 9-10

≤ 6; 7; 8, 9-10

≤ 6; 3 + 4; 4 + 3; 8; 9-10

2-4; 5; 6; 3 + 4; 4 + 3; 8-10

≤ 6, 3 + 4; 4 + 3; 8-10

perineural invasion.

vascular invasion.

subdividing extra-prostatic extension into focal and non-focal.

the extent of positive margins.

tertiary grades.