46 to 77 months.

37 to 51 months.

16 to 42 months.

23 to 54 months.

75 to 85 months.

whole-body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT.

computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis.

retrograde pyelogram.

renal ultrasound.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abdomen and pelvis.

< 15 mL/min

< 35 mL/min

< 60 mL/min

< 20 mL/min

< 30 mL/min

5%, 15 months.

15%, 24 months.

10%, 36 months.

15%, 15 months.

20%, 24 months.

Orthotopic neobladder can only be performed after nerve-sparing radical cystectomy.

The negative predictive value of urethral frozen section is poor.

Orthotopic neobladder is protective against urethral recurrence and therefore a positive urethral margin is not a contraindication.

Urethral recurrence following radical cystectomy is approximately 8% at 5 years.

Even patients with a negative intraoperative urethral frozen section are at high risk for recurrence.

Nerve sparing does not increase local recurrence rates.

Age is a strong predictor of the return of erectile function.

Sexual function is similar for capsular-sparing and conventional nervesparing techniques.

Ejaculatory function can be maintained with subtotal prostate resection.

A technique analogous to radical prostatectomy is used.

cervix.

uterus.

vaginal introitus.

ovaries.

urethra.

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) in two locations

3-cm T2 lesion in the dome with carcinoma in situ (CIS) in one location

4-cm T2 lesion in the trigone

1-cm T2 lesion with pelvic lymphadenopathy on imaging

1-cm T2 lesion in the dome

alvimopan.

nasogastric suction.

neostigmine.

pharmacologic thromboembolism prophylaxis.

early enteral feeding.

(b) postprocedure for 1 day.

both a and d

(d) postprocedure for 1 month.

(a) immediately before incision.

(c) postprocedure for 1 week.