routine inguinal exploration in the absence of radiotracer visualization.

extended pathologic analysis of excised lymph nodes.

preoperative inguinal ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration of any abnormal-appearing nodes.

intraoperative palpation of the wound for abnormal nodes.

use of an ultrasensitive gamma ray detection probe.

The transposition of the sartorius muscle is eliminated.

Decreased morbidity.

The required incision is longer.

The node dissection excludes regions lateral to the femoral artery and caudad to the fossa ovalis.

The saphenous vein is preserved.

The femoral nerve is visualized superior to the iliacus fascia.

A laparoscopic approach has not been reported.

The fascia lata remains intact.

Rotation of the gracilis muscle is performed to cover the exposed femoral vessels.

The saphenous vein may be preserved in the setting of low-volume disease.

distal common iliac nodes.

a and b

para-aortic and paracaval node dissection.

obturator group of nodes.

external iliac nodes.

Preservation of Colles fascia in the flap dissection

Obliteration of dead space during wound closure

Postoperative bed rest and elastic stockings

Low-dose heparin in the perioperative period

A 6-week delay between treatment of the primary tumor and the node dissection