Urethral meatus

Pendulous urethra

Bulbomembranous urethra

Fossa navicularis

Prostatic urethra

Prognosis is worse than for bulbomembranous urethral cancer.

Biopsy most commonly demonstrates transitional cell carcinoma.

Penectomy is usually indicated for tumors infiltrating the corpus spongiosum.

Prognosis depends on histologic cell type.

Conservative surgical therapy is not effective.

Intraoperative ultrasound imaging

Cauterization of the urethral bed

Bilateral groin dissections

Removal of the fossa navicularis and urethral meatus

Total penectomy

It seems to occur more frequently than after cutaneous diversion.

Urethrectomy with conversion to a continent cutaneous diversion may be possible in some patients.

Surveillance consists of urine cytology and symptom assessment.

Urethrectomy and cutaneous diversion can often be done using bowel tissue from the existing neobladder.

Some patients with carcinoma in situ may be successfully treated with urethral infusion of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

childhood urinary tract infections.

leukoplakia.

proliferative lesions such as caruncles.

chronic irritation or urinary tract infections.

human papillomavirus infection.

Transitional cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

Adenocarcinoma

Lymphoma

Age at presentation

Histologic type of the tumor

Anatomic location and extent of the tumor

Urinary retention

Hematuria

as neoadjuvant therapy before excision of locally advanced proximal urethral cancer.

at controlling distant metastatic disease.

when used in conjunction with chemotherapy for low-stage distal urethral tumors.

as a single modality for proximal invasive tumors.

at controlling small lesions in the distal urethra.