Second portion of the duodenum

Kidney

Ascending colon

Adrenal

Transverse colon

Iliacus

Transversus abdominis

External oblique

Vastus lateralis

Quadratus lumborum

Lumbodorsal fascia

Lateroconal fascia

Transversalis fascia

External oblique fascia

Internal oblique fascia

Superior

Caudal

Cephalad

Lateral

Medial

lateral renal fascia..

perirenal fascia.

lateroconal fascia

transversus abdominis.

lumbodorsal fascia.

(b) aorta.

a and c

(a) inferior phrenic artery.

a and b

f. a, b, and c

(c) renal artery.

Neither the superior nor the inferior mesenteric arteries may be sacrificed without causing bowel ischemia.

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) may be sacrificed without causing bowel ischemia.

The IMA may be sacrificed without colonic ischemia because of collateral circulation via the ileocolic artery.

The IMA may be sacrificed without colonic ischemia because of collateral circulation via the marginal artery and hemorrhoidal arteries.

Ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) will cause ischemia to the large bowel but not the small bowel.

Unilateral varicoceles are more common on the left side.

The left ovarian vein typically drains into the IVC.

The right testicular vein typically drains into the inferior vena cava (IVC).

A sudden onset unilateral right-sided varicocele should prompt retroperitoneal imaging.

The left testicular vein typically drains into the left renal vein.

Only to the interaortocaval nodes

Interaortocaval nodes primarily with some drainage to the right paracaval nodes and a small but appreciable amount of drainage to the left paraaortic nodes

Left para-aortic with some drainage to the interaortocaval nodes

Superficial then deep right inguinal nodes

Primarily to the interaortocaval nodes with some drainage to the right paracaval nodes

Hip flexion

Hip abduction

Knee flexion

Hip adduction

Hip extension