herbal medications is 2 weeks.

nonsteroidal inflammatory agents is 1 day.

warfarin is 5 days.

clopidogrel is 10 days.

aspirin is 5 days.

Smaller compared to larger caliber postprocedure nephrostomy tubes

Balloon dilation compared to semirigid plastic dilation of the access tract

Intercostal nerve block

Tract infiltration with local anesthetic

Thoracic paravertebral block

is not as dependent on retrograde assistance as the "eye-of-the-needle" technique.

increases radiation exposure to the operator's hands compared to the "eyeof- the-needle" technique.

is less suitable than the "eye-of-the-needle" technique in morbidly obese patients.

cannot be performed in malrotated kidneys.

continuously monitors depth of needle penetration.

equivalent pain.

less postprocedure blood loss.

earlier hospital discharge.

more urinary leakage.

less need for removal in the radiology suite.

Jejunum

Gallbladder

Duodenum

Liver

Spleen