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Match the different diabetes drug classes to their mode of action

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Metformin
Sulfonylureas (SU)
Meglitinides
Acarbose
Glitazones
DPP-4 Inhibitors (gliptins)
Glucagon- like polupetitde-1 agonists
Sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SLGT2 inhibitor)

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Stimulate insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas but from a different receptor site to SU
Inhibit the enzyme DPP-4
Acts on liver, inhibiting hepatic glucose production, and 2. Increases insulin-mediated peripheral glucose uptake
Bind to a receptor on the surface of beta cells in the pancreas, stimulating the release of insulin lowering blood sugar
Lower blood glucose by blocking a protein in the kidneys that is responsible for the reabsorption of glucose into the bloodstream, thereby increase the excretion of glucose in the urine
Acts on receptors in the nucleus of the fat, liver and muscle cells, causing changes with enhance the action of insulin on these cells
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor acting on the enzyme that breads down complex carbs in food in the intestine into simple sugars (glucose), slowing down absorption and reducing blood glucose peak following a meal
Increase insulin secretion, suppress glucagon secretion and slow gastric emptying

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Match conditions to their explanation

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Gestational Diabetes
Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma
Retinopopathy
Neuropathy
Erectile Dysfunction
Macrovascular
Pancreatitis
Cancer

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Stroke, angina, heart attack, heart failure
Inflamed pancreas
Coma caused by consistently high blood glucose levels (>40 mmol/l)
Diabetes during pregnancy
Type 1: • 200% more likely – pancreatic, liver and endometrial cancer • 20-50% - colorectal, bladder, breast and blood (non-Hodgkins lymphoma)
Severe lack of insulin means body cannot use glucose for energy so breaks down body tissue (muscle) instead
Probably due to nerve damage or damage to blood vessels 75% of men under 70, 95 older than 75%
Disease of small blood vessels of the retina at the back of the eye, causes severe sight loss
Nerve damage mainly in legs and feets, also hands Produces numbness that may lead to foot ulceration Burning nerve pain

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Skin conditions

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Diabetic Dermopathy
Diabetic blisters
Eruptive xanthomatosis
Digitial sclerosis
Disseminated granuloma annulare
Acanthosis nigricans

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Tan or brown raises areas on side of necks, armpit, groin, hands elbow and knees
Light brown, scaly patches, oval or circular in shape
Yellow pea like small bumps. Red halo around bumps, itchy Hands feet arms legs and buttocks
Skin thickens and becomes tight and waxy on backs of hands, forehead
Blisters (like burns) on the back of fingers, toes, hands, legs and forearms
Raised red bumps with a definite circular border

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Match different diabetes drug names to their type

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Metfomin
1st Gen – tolbutamide
2nd gen – glipizide, glicazide, glimepiride, glibenclamide
Nateglinide, Repaglinide
Acarbose
Glitazones
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Glucagon- like polupetitde-1 agonists

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Acarbose
Metformin
Sulfonylureas
Linagliptin, saxagliptin, vildabliptin, sitagliptin, algoliptin - gliptins
Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides
Exantide Liraglutide Lixisenatide
Proglitazone

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