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[{"id":203288,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:45:50","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which words complete this sentence: If the pka is _______, less drug is _______ at pH 7.4, therefore more drug is neutral and hence the onset of action is _______ as more drug can cross the lipid bilayer.","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":7,"explanation":"If the pka is lower, less drug is ionised at pH 7.4, therefore more drug is neutral and hence the onset of action is quicker as more drug can cross the lipid bilayer.","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203210,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 13:59:03","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which one of these does not make up the key chemical components of a local anaesthetic?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":2,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203293,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:51:30","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"What are LA's co-administered with to overcome local vasodilation caused by the LA?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":9,"explanation":"Increased blood flow increases removal of LA from target tissue and to overcome this LA\u2019s are co-administered with epinephrine o\tInduces vasoconstriction and therefore increases duration of action o\tPrevents LA spread to systematic circulation (decreases","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203208,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 13:55:29","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which channels do local anaesthetics bind to?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":0,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203291,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:49:32","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which words complete this sentence: If the hydrophobicity of the LA ________ (to an extent), then the _______ for the intracellular target site increases and hence the ________ of action increases.","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":8,"explanation":"If the hydrophobicity of the LA increases (to an extent), then the affinity for the intracellular target site increases and hence the duration of action increases.","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203307,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 17:17:59","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which general anaesthetic is not used for induction but is used after induction due to its pungent odour?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":14,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203303,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 17:15:12","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which two of these general anaethetics are very rarely used in modern medicine?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":12,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203283,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:41:13","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which one of these statements is incorrect regarding local anaesthetics (LA)?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":4,"explanation":"The higher the pKa of a LA the more ionised it is","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203209,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 13:56:39","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Local anaesthetics only bind to sodium channels in what state?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":1,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203295,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:55:36","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which of these statements is correct in relation to inflammed tissues and the use of local anaesthetics (LA)?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":10,"explanation":"\u2022\tInflammation\/damage\/ischaemia causes tissue acidosis (lactic acid) \u2022\tLow pH (acidosis) increases the ionised proportion and therefore decreases the proportion able to cross membrane \u2022\tThis therefore decreases efficacy and there will be and an apparent r","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203298,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:59:32","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which one of these statements is incorrect regarding local anaesthetics (LA)? (Question 2)","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":11,"explanation":"\u2022\tLAs block action potential generation by blocking Na+ channels \u2022\tLAs are amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophobic aromatic group and a basic amine group (linked by an ester or amide) \u2022\tLAs are weak bases that act in their ionised form, but must reach t","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203286,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:43:41","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Only the neutral form of local anaethetics can bind to the intracellular target site, is this true or false?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":6,"explanation":"Only the ionised form can bind to the intracellular target site. Although the binding site is hydrophobic, LA\u2019s are amphiphilic (one side is hydrophobic, one side is hydrophilic). The hydrophobic side binds to the Na+ channel, but the drug must be ionised","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203211,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"2","created_at":"2017-05-13 14:00:38","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Match the functional group of a local anesaethetic with its funtion...","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":3,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203284,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 16:42:18","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Only the neutral form of local anaethetics can pass through the lipid-bilayer, is this true or false?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":5,"explanation":"TRUE! Therefore, the more drug that is ionised the less will be able to reach the intracellular binding site.","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null},{"id":203305,"quiz_id":"12160","answer_id":null,"answerType_id":"0","created_at":"2017-05-13 17:16:14","updated_at":"2017-05-21 07:43:40","questionName":"Which general anaesthetic would be used for day-case surgery because of its fast onset and recovery?","questionTimeSeconds":"0","questionTimeMinutes":"2","questionImagePath":null,"position":13,"explanation":"","question_score_id":null,"lang":null,"questionAudioPath":null}]