Culture

All of the above

Beliefs about the health care system

Lack of transportation

Lack of health insurance

severity of illness.

charges.

resources used.

all of the above.

collections.

personnel.

all of the above.

equipment.

facilities.

disposable supplies.

higher reimbursements for physicians.

increased costs.

longer hospital stays for most patients.

higher reimbursements for hospitals.

shorter hospital stays for most patients.

cost-effectiveness analysis for populations of patients.

patient satisfaction analysis for individual patients.

basic quality-of-life analysis in individual patients.

cost-benefit analysis for individual patients.

determining the number of years an individual is free of the condition.

comorbidity of a population cared for by a given provider.

neither.

severity of illness in a population cared for by a given provider.

both.

complication rates.

board certification of physicians in a provider group.

perioperative mortality rates.

patient satisfaction.

interpersonal skill with which a physician interacts with patients.

survival.

patient satisfaction.

health-related quality of life.

all of the above.

specialists caring for patients.

primary care physicians caring for patients.

patients themselves.

specially trained examiners.

spouses or immediate family members of patients.

measures of the same phenomenon.

perfectly correlated.

related but imperfectly correlated.

completely independent.

meaningful when the correlation coefficient is 0.1.

physical function.

cardiac function.

social function.

emotional well-being.

sexual dysfunction.

missing data.

grammatical or typographic errors.

invalid data.

measurement error.

selection bias.

concurrent validity.

test-retest reliability.

alternate form reliability.

construct validity.

internal consistency reliability.