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Chapter 4 Physio

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Ischemia is to

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as hemorrahage is to

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Brain Weight

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At Birth the brain weighs
1st year the brain weighs
Adult the brain weighs

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350 grams, less than a pound
1000 grams, little over 2 pounds
1200-1400 grams, around 3 pounds

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Important People

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Biologist Paul Weiss
Roger Sperry
Levi-Montalcini
Lewis Wolpert
Dale Purves and R.D. Hadley
D.M. Feeney and colleagues

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conducted an experiment in which he grafted an extra leg to a salamander and then waited for axons to grown into
discovered that the muscles do not determine how many axons form; they determine how many survive
injected dye that let them watch the structure of a living mouse neuron over days or weeks
believed that gastrulation is the most important time of your life, if you mess up in early development you have problems from then on
measured the behavioral effects of cortical damage in rats and cats
performed a classic experiment that showed how sensory axons find their way to their correct targets

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neural Darwinism
Neurotrophins
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome symptoms
Ischemia
Most common type of brain injury
hemmorrhage
Brain injury that is less likely to make recovery
Edema
Mirror Therapy is used to treat
Phantom Limb

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Phantom Limb
continuation of sensation of an amputated body part
hemmorrhage
the strongest and attached neurons survive
blood clot or blackage of an artery
varying degrees of mental retardation, motor problems and heart defects, and facial abnomalities
fluid accumlulation in brain, increased brain pressure increases probablility of more strokes
chemicals that prommote survival and activity of nuerons
ruptured artery, neurons are flooded with excess blood, calcium, oxygen, and other chemicals
ischemia

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neural Darwinism
Neurotrophins
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome symptoms
Ischemia
Most common type of brain injury
hemmorrhage
Brain injury that is less likely to make recovery
Edema
Mirror Therapy is used to treat
Phantom Limb

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continuation of sensation of an amputated body part
the strongest and attached neurons survive
hemmorrhage
ischemia
chemicals that prommote survival and activity of nuerons
varying degrees of mental retardation, motor problems and heart defects, and facial abnomalities
ruptured artery, neurons are flooded with excess blood, calcium, oxygen, and other chemicals
fluid accumlulation in brain, increased brain pressure increases probablility of more strokes
Phantom Limb
blood clot or blackage of an artery

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Proliferation
Differentiation
Myelination
Synaptogenesis
Migration

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producing of new cells/neurons in brain primarily occurring early in life
glia produce fatty sheath covers axons of some neurons
movement along chemical paths of newly formed neurons and glia to eventual locations
forming synapses
forming of axon and dendrite that gives neuron its distinctive shape

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Stem cells are important for which process of development?
How do axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area?
In infants ansethetic drugs can increase?
What is a brain abnormality found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
Sensastions form phantom limb are a result of?
When does the CNS begin to form in humans?
Nearly all nuerons form within?
Chemicals that help guide neuron migration
Part of nueron that develops first?
When migrating nueron has reached its target area, what forms?
Slower stage of neuron development?
Some nuerons and synapses are kept and rejected in a prinicple called?
NGF(nerve growth factor)
When a neuron kills itself because it is not used?
Example of a neurotrophin?
What is essential for growth of axons and dendrites, formation of new synapses, and learning?
A person has the greatest number of neurons when?

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immunogobulins and chemokines
embryo at 2 weeks
neurotrophins
myelination
Short dendrites with few branches
a protein the muscle delivers
Brain reorganization
dendrites
Apoptosis
NGF (nerve growth factor)
axon
proliferation
by following a gradient of chemicals
28 weeks of gestation
apoptosis
early in life
Nueral Darwinisn

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Order from first stage to fifth stage

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Myelination- glia produce fatty sheath covers axons of some neurons
Migration- movement along chemical paths of newly formed neurons and glia to eventual locations
Synaptogenesis- forming synapses
Differentiation- forming of axon and dendrite that gives neuron its distinctive shape
Proliferation- producing of new cells/neurons in brain primarily occurring early in life

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