At the 12th week of gestation

At the 10th week of gestation

Not before the third trimester

Only when anomalies are present

At the 16th week of gestation

Size of bladder

Urine cycling

Amniotic fluid levels

All of the above

Thickness of the bladder wall

Posterior urethral valves

Congenital megacystis

Prune-belly syndrome

a and b

All of the above

The urachus is lined by the obliterated umbilical arteries.

The urachus has three layers.

The urachus is positioned intraperitoneally.

The urachal length varies from 3 to 10 cm.

Four different urachal anomalies have been described.

The presence of bladder diverticula

All of the above

Association with bladder outlet obstruction

The presence of a patent omphalomesenteric tract

The presence of vesicoureteral reflux

Menkes syndrome

Williams elfin facies

None of the above

Klippel-Trenaunay

Ehlers-Danlos

Duplication anomalies of the lower gastrointestinal tract are present in up to 80% of patients.

Other abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux, renal ectopia, and dysplasia are commonly found.

Duplications can present with one or two urethras.

Duplications can occur in the coronal or sagittal plane.

Duplication anomalies of the external genitalia are present in up to 90% of patients.