glomerulations on cystoscopy.

urinary frequency.

a Hunner ulcer.

urinary urgency.

pain or discomfort related to the bladder.

de facto definition of the disease.

historic document of no current value.

diagnostic pathway.

definition applicable mainly to clinical research studies.

purely symptom-based description of BPS/IC.

relief of symptoms as a result of using narcotic analgesics.

symptom relief associated with urinary alkalinization.

late occurrence of pain and bowel segment contraction after substitution cystoplasty and continent diversion.

failure of conduit diversion to relieve symptoms.

the absence of pain when a Foley catheter is left indwelling.

correctly choose who should undergo cystectomy and diversion.

determine appropriate candidates for clinical research.

determine on whom to perform diagnostic testing.

monitor disease progression or regression with or without treatment.

accurately diagnose BPS/IC.

Major deterioration in symptom severity is the rule.

The onset is generally insidious, occurring gradually over many years.

Symptoms follow a culture-documented urinary tract infection.

Symptom resolution occurs regardless of treatment after 1 to 2 years.

Onset is subacute with full development of the symptom complex over a relatively short time span.

BPS/IC is a premalignant lesion.

BPS/IC is often associated with bladder cancer.

No reports have documented an association of BPS/IC with subsequent development of bladder cancer.

A positive urine cytology can safely be ignored in patients with BPS/IC.

Dysplasia is a typical pathologic finding on bladder biopsy in BPS/IC patients.

dog.

rabbit.

cat.

goat.

rat.

doxycycline.

none.

ciprofloxacin.

gentamicin.

amoxicillin.

granulocyte.

eosinophil.

mast cell.

lymphocyte.

platelet.

It has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing BPS/IC.

It is soothing and calming to the painful bladder.

It is an important element in choosing effective therapy.

None of the above.

It provides proof of abnormal mucosal permeability.

is required to make a diagnosis of BPS/IC.

is generally found in less than 10% of BPS patients.

is pathognomonic of BPS/IC even in the absence of symptoms.

was not considered a part of the syndrome when it was initially described by Hunner.

is synonymous with glomerulation.

an improved treatment algorithm.

increased diagnostic specificity.

increased diagnostic sensitivity.

a minimum of diagnostic testing and significant cost savings.

an accurate depiction of the true prevalence of the condition.

Allergy

Fibromyalgia

Irritable bowel syndrome

Diabetes

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Glomeruli

Mast cells

Neutrophils

Bladder urothelial cells

Transitional urothelial cells in the upper tracts

elevate leukotriene levels.

regulate growth factor production by bladder cells.

increase afferent neuron sensitivity.

protect the surface glycosaminoglycan layer.

increase potassium efflux into urothelial cells.