Chapter 112 : Renal Functional Development and Diseases in Children

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In the human, nephrogenesis is completed by:

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A 4-year-old boy presents with swelling and decreased urine output. He has had eyelid edema on awakening for the past week. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, and he has marked eyelid edema, distended abdomen, and pitting edema of the legs and feet. Urinalysis showed a specific gravity of 1.030, pH 5, 3+ protein, and trace amount of blood. Serum studies show a sodium level of 131 mEq/L, blood urea nitrogen value of 30 mg/dL, creatinine level of 0.3 mg/dL, and albumin level of 1.6 g/dL. The appropriate next step in management is:

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A 6-year-old healthy girl undergoes a routine physical examination. Urinalysis reveals a specific gravity of 1.020, pH 6, trace protein, and moderate amount of blood on dipstick testing. The microscopic test shows 5 to 6 red blood cells per high-powered field. An inappropriate next step is:

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A urinalysis in an 8-year-old boy shows a specific gravity of 1.030, pH 5, trace protein, and moderate amount of blood. He has a normal physical examination including blood pressure of 96/56 mm Hg. On further history he was hospitalized 2 months ago with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. The most appropriate course of action is:

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A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with the new onset of left-sided flank pain, gross hematuria, and vomiting. His blood pressure is 120/70 mm Hg, and the physical examination reveals right costovertebral angle tenderness. The urinalysis shows brown urine with a specific gravity of 1.030, pH 7, large amount of blood, and 2+ protein. The next step in diagnostic evaluation should NOT include:

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A 9-year-old girl presents after passing a 3-mm stone. On analysis, the stone is composed 100% of calcium oxalate. The next step is to:

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A 6-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with new onset of headache and gross hematuria. He has no dysuria or fever but has vomited three times. He had a sore throat the week before, but it has resolved. His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, and physical examination reveals a heart murmur. The urinalysis shows brown urine with specific gravity of 1.030, pH 7, large amount of blood, and 2+ protein. The next step in the diagnostic evaluation should include all of the following EXCEPT:

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A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a respiratory problem and gross hematuria. He has no dysuria or abdominal pain but has fever, rhinorrhea, and cough. His blood pressure is 120/70 mm Hg, and physical examination shows rhinorrhea, mild pharyngeal erythema, and no peripheral edema or abdominal tenderness. The urinalysis shows brown urine with a specific gravity of 1.030, pH 7, large amount of blood, and 2+ protein. (His mother also has had hematuria in the past, and his maternal uncle is deaf and on hemodialysis.) The next step in diagnostic evaluation includes all of the following EXCEPT:

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A 16-year-old boy with end-stage renal disease is managed with peritoneal dialysis (PD). He develops a fever of 102° F, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The next step in management is to:

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An 8-year-old boy is found to have a blood urea nitrogen level of 60 mg/dL and a creatinine of 2.7 mg/dL. His urinary sodium level is 13 mEq/L, fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is 0.8%, and urinary osmolality is 410 mOsm/Kg. The most likely cause of his renal failure is:

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A 9-year-old boy is found during routine examination to have a blood pressure of 120/90 mm Hg. The child was calm, and a properly sized blood pressure cuff was used for the measurement. The best next step in management is to:

Chapter 112 : Renal Functional Development and Diseases in Children

Question 1 of 1

Time Left

In the human, nephrogenesis is completed by:

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

A 6-year-old healthy girl undergoes a routine physical examination. Urinalysis reveals a specific gravity of 1.020, pH 6, trace protein, and moderate amount of blood on dipstick testing. The microscopic test shows 5 to 6 red blood cells per high-powered field. An inappropriate next step is:

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

A 9-year-old girl presents after passing a 3-mm stone. On analysis, the stone is composed 100% of calcium oxalate. The next step is to:

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

A 16-year-old boy with end-stage renal disease is managed with peritoneal dialysis (PD). He develops a fever of 102° F, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The next step in management is to:

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

An 8-year-old boy is found to have a blood urea nitrogen level of 60 mg/dL and a creatinine of 2.7 mg/dL. His urinary sodium level is 13 mEq/L, fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is 0.8%, and urinary osmolality is 410 mOsm/Kg. The most likely cause of his renal failure is:

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

A 9-year-old boy is found during routine examination to have a blood pressure of 120/90 mm Hg. The child was calm, and a properly sized blood pressure cuff was used for the measurement. The best next step in management is to:

Select the correct answer(s).

(0/0)

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