decreased perioperative hemorrhage.

decreased risk of hypernatremia.

removal of the prostatic adenoma under direct vision.

enhanced preservation of erectile function.

shortened convalescence period.

possible management of concomitant ureteral calculi.

an extraperitoneal approach.

better visualization of the prostatic fossa after enucleation to obtain hemostasis.

direct visualization of the prostatic adenoma during enucleation.

easier management of a large median lobe and/or bladder calculi.

total prostate-specific antigen level (PSA) greater than 10.0 ng/mL.

multiple small bladder calculi.

symptomatic bladder diverticulum.

presence of dilated renal pelvis.

erectile dysfunction.

TURP followed by bladder diverticulectomy in 3 months.

retropubic open prostatectomy with fulguration of the bladder diverticulum.

TURP and partial cystectomy.

administration of a long-acting α-adrenergic antagonist and prophylactic antibiotics.

suprapubic prostatectomy with bladder diverticulectomy.

bladder diverticulum.

recurrent urinary tract infection.

large bladder calculi secondary to obstruction.

biopsy-proven prostate cancer.

acute urinary retention.

allow direct visualization of prostatic adenoma during enucleation.

cause no trauma to the urinary bladder.

are ideal for patients with a large, obstructive prostatic adenoma and a concomitant, small bladder tumor.

are performed in the space of Retzius.

require the control of dorsal vein complex before enucleation of an obstructive prostatic adenoma.

bladder neck contracture.

erectile dysfunction.

stress urinary incontinence.

retrograde ejaculation.

deep vein thrombosis.