supported by high-quality, level 1 evidence for most conditions.

of little value in assessing a patient with neuropathic voiding dysfunction.

a and

better defined for men versus women.

best defined by the clinician who has clear-cut reasons for performing the study and who will use the information obtained to guide treatment.

(b) for consistency, be prepared to perform the study the same way, no matter what the circumstances.

(c) prepare patients telling them why the test is being done, how the results may affect treatment, and what to expect during the actual UDS test.

(a) decide on questions to be answered for a particular patient.

a, b, and c

a and c

Voiding pressure flow study

Cystometrogram

Uroflowmetry

Postvoid residual volume

Micturitional urethral pressure profile

is characterized by a and

can be measured directly via a transurethral catheter.

should remain low (near zero) during bladder filling.

rises before the external sphincter relaxes in normal voluntary micturition.

rises abruptly and does not return to baseline with detrusor overactivity.

spinal cord injury.

bladder outlet obstruction.

an acontractile bladder.

overactive bladder.

normal asymptomatic men and women.

Impaired compliance

A high detrusor leak point pressure (>40 cm H2O)

A high abdominal leak point pressure (>100 cm H2O)

Poor emptying with high storage pressures

Detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia

incomplete bladder emptying.

low pressure, low-flow voiding dynamics.

impaired detrusor contractility.

high pressure, low-flow voiding dynamics.

a and c

(b) relax before a voluntary detrusor contraction in a neurologically normal person.

(c) progressively relax as the bladder fills.

b and d

(a) relax with an involuntary bladder contraction in a neurologically normal person.

(d) contract when the detrusor contracts in cases of detrusorexternal sphincter dyssynergia.

the procedure of choice for documenting bladder neck dysfunction in men and women.

of no value in the pediatric population.

too difficult to perform in spinal cord–injured patients.

the most precise measure of lower urinary tract function and should be used in all cases where UDS is to be performed.

the only way to assess obstruction in a man.

are the most important part of the UDS assessment of women with stress urinary incontinence.

can precisely define intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

must be done routinely before all surgery for stress incontinence, as supported by the literature.

are characterized by a and

should not be used as a single factor to grade the severity of incontinence.

none of the above.

bladder outlet obstruction.

filling rate.

presence of vesicoureteral reflux.

involuntary detrusor contractions.

To predict consequences of lower urinary tract dysfunction on the upper tract

To distinguish between neuropathic and non-neuropathic voiding dysfunction

To predict the outcome of specific treatments

To identify or rule out factors contributing to lower urinary tract dysfunction

To confirm the effects of intervention

failure to empty secondary to an underactive bladder outlet.

all of the above.

failure to store secondary to an overactive bladder outlet.

failure to store secondary to an underactive bladder outlet.

failure to empty secondary to an overactive bladder.

all of the above.

(a) a rectal catheter.

(c) a bladder catheter.

a and c

(b) a vaginal catheter.

in predicting the likelihood of voiding dysfunction in women with pure stress incontinence

in predicting outcomes of conservative, nonsurgical treatments for women with mixed incontinence.

in predicting outcomes of surgery for women with pure stress incontinence.

in any women considering surgical treatment.

in women who are considering surgical correction and have mixed incontinence symptoms or emptying difficulty.