The right adrenal gland tends to lie in a retrocaval position.

The right adrenal vein usually drains into the vena cava directly.

The left adrenal gland receives arterial branches from the left inferior phrenic artery, aorta, and left renal artery.

The right adrenal gland rests higher than the left adrenal gland.

None of the above

a and c

(a) bleeding diathesis.

(c) adrenocortical carcinoma with adrenal vein thrombus.

a, b, and

(b) adrenal mass size greater than 12╯cm.

CT may distinguish infiltrative from well-encapsulated tumors.

Removal should not be attempted through the posterior lumbodorsal open approach.

Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a relative contraindication for laparoscopic surgery.

All of the above are true.

Adrenal masses larger than 6 cm are always a carcinoma.

a, b, and c

a and

(c) locating an adrenal mass.

(b) identifying the adrenal vein.

(a) locating the adrenal gland.

disruption of the adrenal capsule.

avulsion of the right hepatic vein branch.

all of the above.

inadvertent ligation of upper pole renal artery.

right adrenal vein avulsion at origin on vena cava.

(c) Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy is facilitated by intraoperative ultrasonography.

(b) Enucleation of a mass can be performed with an ultrasonic scalpel.

a and c are true.

a, b, and c are true.

(a) The adrenal vein can be taken without compromising the adrenal glands venous drainage.

It occurs only after laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

It can occur with fever and hypotension.

All of the statements are true.

It is managed by administration of spironolactone.

It is the result of contralateral adrenal activation.

a and b are true.

(a) PIH is never paroxysmal, whereas pheochromocytomarelated hypertension can be.

(c) the hypertension of PIH typically occurs in the first trimester, whereas pheochromocytoma hypertension can occur at any stage of pregnancy.

(b) proteinuria occurs with PIH not pheochromocytoma.

a, b, and c are true.

a solitary adrenal gland.

multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA.

multiple endocrine neoplasia type I.

von Hippel-Lindau disease.

bilateral adrenal tumors.