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block

Which process is the one in which glucose is oxidized to generate two molecules of pyruvate, and in which ATP and NADH are produced?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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the citric acid cycle

fermentation

None of the listed responses is correct

the oxidation of pyruvate

chemiosmosis

none

A molecule becomes more oxidized when it _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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loses a hydrogen (H+) ion

gains an electron

changes shape

loses an electron

gains a hydrogen (H+) ion

none

Oxygen gas (O2) is one of the strongest oxidizing agents known. The explanation for this is that _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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oxygen gas contains a double bond

oxygen gas is composed of two atoms of oxygen

oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration

the oxygen atom is very electronegative

oxygen is so abundant in the atmosphere

none

Most of the ATP produced in cellular respiration comes from which of the following processes?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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glycolysis

the citric acid cycle

reduction of NADH

substrate-level phosphorylation

oxidative phosphorylation

none

Which of the following statements is the best explanation of what happens to the temperature and carbon dioxide concentration during a one-hour class period in a classroom of 300 students if the heating and air conditioning is turned off and all doors are kept closed?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

---

Neither temperature nor carbon dioxide levels change because cellular respiration is 100% efficient and because carbon dioxide produced by cellular respiration is just as rapidly consumed by cellular respiration.

Temperature goes down and carbon dioxide levels remain constant. This is because cellular respiration, being an endergonic reaction, requires an input of heat energy from the environment to occur and because carbon dioxide is neither produced nor consumed by cellular respiration.

Temperature goes up but carbon dioxide levels remain constant because heat is a by-product of cellular respiration but carbon dioxide is converted to sugar during cellular respiration.

Temperature goes up and the level of carbon dioxide goes down. This is because cellular respiration is an exergonic process that is only about 38% efficient; the remaining energy is lost to the environment as heat. Also, carbon dioxide is being converted to organic molecules such as fats and sugars during cellular respiration.

Temperature and the level of carbon dioxide rise as heat and carbon dioxide are by-products of cellular respiration.

none

A small amount of ATP is made in glycolysis by which of the following processes?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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transfer of a phosphate group from a fragment of glucose to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation

transfer of electrons and hydrogen atoms to NAD+

transport of electrons through a series of carriers

attachment of a free inorganic phosphate (Pi) group to ADP to make ATP

harnessing energy from the sun

none

During the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2→ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, which compound is reduced as a result of the reaction?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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water

glucose

oxygen

both glucose and carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

none

The function of cellular respiration is to _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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reduce CO2

extract CO2 from the atmosphere

synthesize macromolecules from monomers

produce carbohydrates

extract usable energy from glucose

none

In glycolysis, there is no production of carbon dioxide as a product of the pathway. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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Glucose contains more carbons than the number of carbons found in the pyruvate products that are produced by glycolysis.

There is very little ATP produced in glycolysis.

There are no oxidation or reduction reactions in glycolysis to produce CO2.

The products of glycolysis contain the same total number of carbon atoms as in the starting material.

The initial steps of glycolysis require an input of energy in the form of ATP (two per glucose).

none

In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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ATP ... Oxygen

glucose ... Oxygen

oxygen ... ATP

glucose ... ATP

carbon dioxide ... Water

none

Which of the following is a correct description of the events of cellular respiration and the sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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glycolysis; reduction of pyruvate; TCA cycle; oxidative phosphorylation

oxidation of pyruvate; TCA cycle; oxidation of glucose to pyruvate; oxidative phosphorylation

oxidation of glucose to pyruvate; oxidation of pyruvate; oxidation of acetyl-coA; oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis; oxidative phosphorylation; TCA cycle; oxidation of pyruvate.

oxidation of glucose to pyruvate; reduction of pyruvate; TCA cycle; oxidative phosphorylation

none

Each ATP molecule contains about 1% of the amount of chemical energy available from the complete oxidation of a single glucose molecule. Cellular respiration produces about 32 ATP from one glucose molecule. What happens to the rest of the energy in glucose?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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It is used to make water from hydrogen ions and oxygen.

It is converted to starch.

It is released as carbon dioxide and water

It is stored as fat.

It is converted to heat.

none

A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to kill bacteria in people with infections. However, he cannot do this because _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes

glycolysis produces so little ATP that the drug will have little effect

this step in the pathway of glycolysis can be skipped in bacteria, but not in humans

human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them

bacteria are prokaryotes; they usually don't need to perform glycolysis

none

Of the following molecules in the glycolytic pathway (the process of glycolysis), the one with the most chemical energy is _____.

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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glucose

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

fructose-6-phosphate

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

pyruvate

none

Where do the reactions of glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Select the correct answer(s).  

(0/0)

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the matrix of the mitochondrion

the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

the cytosol

across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion